Deck 22: From Isolation to Empire

Question 1

After the Civil War, most Americans' attitude toward foreign affairs was that they

A) wanted America to become a military ally of England.
B) condemned imperialism and interference in other nations' affairs by all nations as immoral and undemocratic.
C) gave little thought to foreign affairs.
D) realized that the Monroe Doctrine was undemocratic.

Answer 1

gave little thought to foreign affairs.

Question 2

American attitudes toward Europe in the late nineteenth century were characterized by

A) veneration for Europe as the center of learning and fine art.
B) suspicion of European society as decadent and aristocratic.
C) envy of European imperialism.
D) the belief that America was basically an extension of Europe.

Answer 2

suspicion of European society as decadent and aristocratic.

Question 3

During the Civil War, ________ established a protectorate over Mexico and installed Archduke Maximilian as emperor.

A) Spain
B) Austria
C) Germany
D) France

Answer 3

France

Question 4

The aggressive secretary of state who instigated the purchase of Alaska and pushed his expansionist policies was

A) Josiah Strong.
B) John Fiske.
C) Henry Cabot Lodge.
D) William H. Seward.

Question 5

President Grant tried and failed to annex the

A) Dominican Republic.
B) Philippines.
C) Solomon Islands.
D) Bahamas.

Question 6

One reason for growing support for an overseas empire among Americans after the Civil War was the desire to

A) carry out God's will to spread the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon race beyond North America.
B) establish a colonial empire before the major European powers were able to do so.
C) create "infant industries" overseas to exploit the cheap labor.
D) establish a series of colonies to which the former slaves could be sent.

Question 7

Alfred Thayer Mahan argued in the 1890s that national security and prosperity rested on a powerful

A) economy.
B) Congress.
C) president.
D) navy.

Question 8

Queen Liliuokalani's "Hawaii for Hawaiians" movement led to

A) immediate annexation by the United States.
B) American support for self-determination for Hawaiians.
C) establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
D) an American-led coup and the abolition of the monarchy.

Question 9

Queen Liliuokalani is best described as a(n)

A) radical communist.
B) determined nationalist.
C) resolute advocate of democracy.
D) ardent socialist.

Question 10

After the Civil War, America extended its overseas influence and empire in the

A) Middle East and Europe.
B) Near East and Australia.
C) Pacific and Latin America.
D) Middle East and Africa.

Question 11

From 1893 to 1898, American expansionists tried to annex the

A) Virgin Islands.
B) Philippines.
C) Dominican Republic.
D) Hawaiian Islands.

Question 12

President Cleveland's reaction to the possibility of annexing Hawaii was to

A) withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate, but refuse to oust the American revolutionaries by force.
B) send the army and navy to guarantee American control of the islands.
C) withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate and use force to oust the American revolutionaries.
D) negotiate a treaty annexing Hawaii but fail to push it through the Republican-dominated Senate.

Question 13

Americans had stronger reasons for extending their influence in Latin America rather than in the Pacific because they

A) feared they would be shut off from Latin American markets by European imperialism.
B) were accustomed to protecting American interests in Latin America under the Monroe Doctrine.
C) saw a greater need to bring Christianity to the inhabitants.
D) had much smaller economic interests in Latin America.

Question 14

In the 1890s a nasty dispute erupted between the United States and Great Britain over

A) the boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana.
B) seal hunting in the Bering Sea.
C) British occupation of the port of Corinto, Nicaragua.
D) the boundary between Argentina and British Guiana.

Question 15

An unfortunate effect of the dispute between America and Great Britain over Venezuela's boundary was that it

A) encouraged Americans to believe they could achieve their foreign policy goals by threat and bluster.
B) disrupted the international coffee market.
C) encouraged American isolationism.
D) demonstrated America's continuing weakness in world affairs.

Question 16

Before the Spanish-American War, newspapers tried to increase circulation by

A) denouncing McKinley's imperialism.
B) publishing tales of Cuban atrocities.
C) decrying British interference in the Caribbean.
D) publishing tales of Spanish atrocities.

Question 17

The major issue in the Spanish-American War was the independence of

A) Venezuela.
B) Cuba.
C) Honduras.
D) Haiti.

Question 18

Faced with public clamor for war with Spain, McKinley

A) played upon and increased the war fever by his irresponsible statements.
B) caved in to pressures from Wall Street investors who wanted war.
C) refused to panic, but reluctantly and hesitantly sent Congress a war message.
D) refused to send a declaration of war to Congress, which declared war on its own.

Question 19

In February 1898 the American battleship ________ mysteriously exploded in Havana harbor.

A) Vermont
B) Massachusetts
C) Iowa
D) Maine

Question 20

Around the same time McKinley was sending a war message to Congress, the Spanish

A) ordered troops to sink the Maine, and the Cubans begged the Spanish and the Americans to end hostilities.
B) and the Cubans called for a ceasefire and sent a message to Congress in hopes of adverting an all out war.
C) and the Cuban nationalists were negotiating a surrender.
D) ordered troops to end the fighting, but the Cubans began insisting on complete independence.

Question 21

The leader of the Filipino nationalist forces during the 1890s was

A) Depuy de Lôme.
B) Emilio Aguinaldo.
C) Valeriano Weyler.
D) Calixto Garcia.

Question 22

In the first battle of the Spanish-American War, Commodore George Dewey

A) routed the Spanish fleet in Havana harbor and blockaded Cuba.
B) devastated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.
C) raided Havana and kidnapped Spanish General Valeriano Weyler.
D) was humiliated in a surprise attack by the Spanish navy.

Question 23

The American politician who formed a volunteer unit, the "Rough Riders," and participated in storming San Juan Hill was

A) Theodore Roosevelt.
B) Woodrow Wilson.
C) Henry Cabot Lodge.
D) Benjamin Harrison.

Question 24

After the Spanish-American War, heated debates raged over the imperialism of annexing

A) Cuba.
B) the Philippine Islands.
C) Puerto Rico.
D) the Dominican Republic.

Question 25

Expansionists who wished to annex the Philippines seemed most interested in

A) establishing the Philippines as the gateway to Asian markets.
B) extending constitutional rights to the inhabitants.
C) preserving the integrity of the Open Door policy.
D) spreading democracy and Christianity to "uncivilized" peoples.

Question 26

Some anti-imperialists objected to annexing the Philippines because it would

A) increase the power of the Democrats in Congress.
B) limit immigration from Asia.
C) be unconstitutional if statehood was not a possibility.
D) increase the power of the Republicans in Congress.

Question 27

When America refused to withdraw its armed forces, the Filipinos

A) demanded to be included in the treaty negotiations.
B) appealed to the Spanish for military aid.
C) sent a special delegation to tour America and appeal directly to the people.
D) launched a guerrilla war against the American forces.

Question 28

In what become known as the "insular cases" the Supreme Court ruled that

A) Congress was not bound to follow the Constitution in legislating for colonies.
B) colonies could never become states.
C) Congress must follow the Constitution when legislating for colonies.
D) annexation of the Philippines was unconstitutional.

Question 29

In 1900, the United States insisted that the constitution of ________ grant America naval bases and authorize American intervention whenever necessary to protect life, property, and individual liberty.

A) the Philippines
B) Puerto Rico
C) Cuba
D) Panama

Question 30

Under the Platt Amendment,

A) America promised it would not acquire the Philippines as a result of the Spanish-American War.
B) Cuba was forced to promise to grant naval bases to America and to avoid treaties with any foreign power which might compromise its independence.
C) America promised to grant independence to the Philippines by 1925.
D) Cuba promised to allow American businesses to do as they wished.

Question 31

Early in the twentieth century, the United States announced that it must "exercise...an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere in the

A) Teller Amendment.
B) Platt Amendment.
C) "Open Door" policy.
D) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 32

The United States treated Cuba as a protectorate for approximately ________ years at the beginning of the twentieth century.

A) 35
B) 25
C) 15
D) 5

Question 33

The principle architect of America's Open Door policy was

A) John Hay.
B) Alfred Thayer Mahan.
C) Richard Olney.
D) Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 34

The Open Door policy attempted to preserve the chances for American business to enter the markets of

A) India.
B) Japan.
C) Central America.
D) China.

Question 35

The announcement by the United States that it believed in the preservation of the "Chinese territorial and administrative entity" and in "the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire" was part of the

A) Open Door policy.
B) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
C) Good Neighbor policy.
D) Peking Accord.

Question 36

At the turn of the twentieth century, the so-called Boxer Rebellion broke out in

A) Japan.
B) China.
C) the Philippines.
D) Cuba.

Question 37

According to the "Gentlemen's Agreement" negotiated by Roosevelt in 1907,

A) the main issues of the Russo-Japanese War were peacefully settled.
B) China promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America.
C) Chinese immigration was severely restricted.
D) Japan promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America.

Question 38

A canal across the Isthmus of Panama was initially started by the

A) English.
B) Germans.
C) French.
D) Dutch.

Question 39

When Panama revolted against Colombia, Roosevelt

A) dispatched the cruiser Nashville to Panama to help Colombia quell the revolt.
B) stayed neutral even though he supported Panama.
C) ordered the cruiser Nashville to Panama to prevent Colombia from subduing the revolution.
D) stayed neutral even though he supported Columbia.

Question 40

In order to build the Panama Canal on the terms he wanted, President Roosevelt intervened militarily to aid the Panamanian revolt against

A) Nicaragua.
B) Honduras.
C) Colombia.
D) El Salvador.

Question 41

After recognizing the new Republic of Panama, Secretary Hay negotiated a treaty that gave the United States control over a ten-mile wide Canal Zone for

A) 100 years.
B) 25 years.
C) perpetuity.
D) 50 years and a day.

Question 42

The Panama Canal opened for ship traffic

A) during the Spanish-American War.
B) on the eve of World War I.
C) in the 1920s.
D) after World War II.

Question 43

American imperialism in the post-Spanish-American War era was

A) short in duration.
B) steadily increasing.
C) non-existent.
D) long-lasting.

Question 44

American statesmen who pursued a foreign policy of imperialism without colonies

A) were essentially greedy, thinking only of increasing profits by overseas expansion without any regard for the consequences for the people being exploited.
B) refused to accept their proper role in world affairs as a major power.
C) genuinely, but incorrectly, believed that they were exporting democracy along with capitalism and industrialization.
D) were totally undirected and unfocused with virtually no goals.

Question 45

The American foreign policy of trying to penetrate underdeveloped areas economically without the problem of governing them was

A) successful because it supported broad-based economic development.
B) foolish because it did not maximize the profits of American companies overseas.
C) far-sighted in its sensitivity to different social and cultural patterns.
D) self-defeating because it was not supported by local people.

Question 46

On the eve of World War I the United States was a

A) world power.
B) marginal regional power.
C) major, but rapidly declining, world power.
D) major power economically, but still a very minor power politically.

Question 47

By the beginning of World War I, how did most Americans view their role in the world?

A) They had rejected the isolationism of earlier generations.
B) They were keenly aware of the implications of extending American influence into underdeveloped nations.
C) They did as they wanted in foreign affairs, unlimited by any rational analysis of the probable consequences.
D) They had a sophisticated understanding of the implications of America's new status as a world power.

Question 48

One of the most appealing reasons for many Americans to look beyond American boundaries in the late nineteenth century was the excitement and adventure of overseas activities.

Question 49

Despite his later fame as a global strategist, Alfred Thayer Mahan had no disciples and no measurable influence in his lifetime.

Question 50

Dupuy de Lôme's letter praising President McKinley pleased many Americans when it was stolen and published.

Question 51

Congress disclaimed any intention of adding Cuban territory to the United States with the Teller Amendment.

Question 52

As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States gained Guam and Puerto Rico.

Question 53

For McKinley, the most compelling reason for advocating the annexation of the Philippines was that he saw no other practical alternative.

Question 54

In the long run, probably the most remarkable characteristic of the Open Door policy was how traditional and conservative it actually was.

Question 55

Theodore Roosevelt's successful mediation of the conflict between Japan and Russia led to the Treaty of Portsmouth.

Question 56

Roosevelt's major fault in the Panamanian revolution was that he almost totally disregarded Latin-American sensibilities.

Question 57

Between the Spanish-American War and World War I, American economic penetration in the Caribbean decreased.

Question 58

Explain the basic assumptions and causes behind American imperialism in the late nineteenth century. Evaluate how consistent these ideas were with traditional ideas about America's place in the world.

Question 59

Summarize the major highlights of the establishment of an American empire in the Pacific in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Question 60

Summarize how and explain why the United States established an empire in Latin America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Explain the conflicts that resulted from establishing this empire.

Question 61

Summarize the causes, major events, and results of the Spanish-American War.

Question 62

Define "imperialism without colonies." Evaluate American foreign policy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as an example of this.

Question 63

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Open Door policy :