Deck 3: America in the British Empire

Question 1

One of the few advantages a colonial governor had in conflicts with his colonial subjects was his

A) permanent tenure of office.
B) complete freedom to maneuver without restrictions imposed on him by the king.
C) financial independence from the colonial legislatures.
D) power to summon and dismiss the colonial assembly.

Answer 1

power to summon and dismiss the colonial assembly.

Question 2

In nearly every colony, the most powerful part of the government tended to be the

A) governor.
B) governor's council.
C) royal judges.
D) colonial legislature.

Answer 2

colonial legislature.

Question 3

The Board of Trade's power to recommend disallowance of colonial laws was

A) used against only a small percentage of the laws which it reviewed.
B) theoretical only, since the Crown seldom accepted its recommendation.
C) used against more than half of the laws which it reviewed.
D) ended by a royal order of 1696 because of the colonists' petition.

Answer 3

used against only a small percentage of the laws which it reviewed.

Question 4

The British government of the American colonies

A) was strongly centralized from its very beginning.
B) became less effective and centralized from 1660 to 1776.
C) never developed an effective, centralized government.
D) had little subsequent influence on the development of American government.

Question 5

The seventeenth-century economic theory which viewed colonies primarily as sources of raw materials is most accurately labeled

A) mercantilism.
B) protectionism.
C) free trade.
D) imperialism.

Question 6

A fundamental goal of mercantilism was to

A) obtain raw materials from the mother country rather than from its colonies.
B) eliminate obstacles to free trade.
C) acquire raw materials from the colonies and have the colonies import manufactured goods from the mother country.
D) import manufactured goods from colonies because of their cheap labor supply.

Question 7

Beginning in the 1650s, Parliament tried to prohibit foreign goods and vessels from colonial ports and to channel colonial raw materials to England through the

A) Mercantile Acts.
B) Colonial Trade Office.
C) Board of Trade.
D) Navigation Acts.

Question 8

The system of Navigation Acts originated in the 1650s in response to the stiff commercial competition offered by the

A) Dutch.
B) French.
C) Spanish.
D) Portuguese.

Question 9

The "enumeration" principle in the Navigation Act of 1660 required that

A) at least three-fourths of the total value of colonial products had to be shipped in English vessels.
B) certain commodities like sugar, tobacco, and indigo could not be shipped outside the British Empire.
C) European goods bound for the colonies had to pass through England on the way.
D) all colonial commodities had to be sold to British merchants.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about British restrictions on colonial manufacturing is true?

A) The Iron Act of 1750 decimated the American iron industry.
B) The primary purpose of the Wool Act was to halt the prosperous American wool industry.
C) British restrictions on hat manufacturing had enormous consequences on the colonial economy.
D) Besides restrictions on wool, hats, and iron, no other restrictions on colonial manufacturing were imposed.

Question 11

In practice, the British mercantile system worked so that the

A) colonies' interests predominated over those of the mother country.
B) mother country's interests predominated over those of the colonies.
C) colonies and mother country were equal partners, sharing a general imperial interest.
D) interests of the northern colonies were favored over the southern colonies.

Question 12

The restrictions of English mercantilism on the colonial economies

A) destroyed the thriving indigo and cotton plantations.
B) bankrupted New England shipbuilders.
C) were greatly lessened by governmental inefficiency.
D) prohibited the importation of slaves.

Question 13

George Whitefield's greatest contribution to the Great Awakening was his

A) intellectually rigorous theological system.
B) insistence that the Church of England was the only true church.
C) ability to stir an audience emotionally by his oratory.
D) strong appeal to the religious establishment.

Question 14

The Great Awakening tended to emphasize

A) an emotional and revivalistic style of religion.
B) human reason and scientific observation as the key to truth.
C) preaching to those who were already church members.
D) the basic goodness and sinlessness of human nature.

Question 15

The most famous native-born revivalist of the Great Awakening was the intellectually brilliant author of sermons such as "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." He was

A) Jonathan Edwards.
B) Charles Chauncy.
C) Solomon Stoddard.
D) Increase Mather.

Question 16

The view that the universe is based on impersonal, scientific laws which govern the behavior of all matter, animate and inanimate, was basic to the

A) Great Awakening.
B) Puritans.
C) Enlightenment.
D) Quakers.

Question 17

A key contribution to American political thinking was the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke relating to

A) personal property.
B) religion.
C) mercantilism.
D) philosophy.

Question 18

America's most famous Enlightenment figure, inventor of the lightning rod and bifocals, organizer of a hospital and a circulating library, was

A) Thomas Jefferson.
B) David Rittenhouse.
C) Cotton Mather.
D) Benjamin Franklin.

Question 19

The greatest source of trouble between the French in Canada and the British in New England was the

A) navigation routes in the Great Lakes.
B) control of the fur trade.
C) conflict over rights to timber and minerals.
D) disputes over the location of the border between Canada and New England.

Question 20

All of the first three colonial wars (King William's, Queen Anne's, and King George's)

A) started over essentially colonial issues and involved relatively little European participation.
B) resulted in considerable territorial gains for the English.
C) resulted in considerable territorial gains for the French.
D) arose over essentially European issues and involved relatively little colonial participation.

Question 21

Although forced to surrender in 1754 to French troops constructing Fort Duquesne, the young Virginian who emerged as a hero to fellow colonists was

A) Patrick Henry.
B) George Washington.
C) James Madison.
D) Thomas Jefferson.

Question 22

In 1758 ________ took over British leadership of the French and Indian War, pouring soldiers and money into North America.

A) King George II
B) Charles Townshend
C) Edmund Burke
D) William Pitt

Question 23

According to the map, "British Successes, 1758-1763," the route General James Wolfe followed in mounting his successful attack on Quebec was

A) Lake Ontario.
B) the Hudson River.
C) Lake Champlain.
D) the St. Lawrence River.

Question 24

Under the Treaty of Paris (1763) ending the French and Indian War,

A) Great Britain retained all the conquests that she had made of French and Spanish possessions.
B) France retained Canada but lost her sugar islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique.
C) France lost all her possessions on the mainland of North America.
D) England lost all her possessions in the Western Hemisphere except for North America.

Question 25

The British victory in the French and Indian War was due largely to

A) British soldiers financed by the British government.
B) American soldiers financed by the colonial assemblies.
C) American soldiers financed by the British government.
D) British soldiers financed by the colonial assemblies.

Question 26

In governing their American empire after 1763, the new problem which faced the British was

A) colonial reluctance to expand into the Ohio River Valley.
B) greatly increased expenses of administering a far larger and more complex empire.
C) strong American support for a rudimentary colonial union expressed in the popular Albany Plan.
D) colonial resentment for the failure of the British to aid them during the French and Indian War.

Question 27

In 1763 the Ottawa chief, ________, led one last effort to drive the whites back across the Appalachians.

A) Corn Planter
B) Opechancanough
C) Black Hawk
D) Pontiac

Question 28

The major purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to

A) restrict colonial trade with England to British ships.
B) force the Native Americans of the Ohio Valley to submit to British authority.
C) check colonial expansion across the Appalachians.
D) promote colonial land development projects in the Ohio Valley.

Question 29

In an effort to help support the increased cost of colonial administration, Parliament passed the ________ Act in 1764, placing tariffs on coffee, wines, and other major imports.

A) Tea
B) Sugar
C) Grenville
D) Declaratory

Question 30

Americans were most alarmed by the Sugar Act of 1764 because it

A) could be used to stop colonial trade altogether.
B) deprived them of their right to participate in the sugar trade.
C) opened up colonial trade in sugar to the vessels of France and Spain.
D) asserted Parliament's right to tax Americans for revenue purposes.

Question 31

The concept that every member of Parliament stood for the interests of the entire empire was called ________ representation.

A) direct
B) actual
C) sovereign
D) virtual

Question 32

The British reasoned that either Parliament was sovereign in the colonies or not and therefore any distinction between tax legislation and any other form of legislation was

A) virtual.
B) absolute.
C) artificial.
D) reasonable.

Question 33

Illegal, often violent, resistance by the Sons of Liberty to the ________ may be seen as marking the start of the revolution.

A) Proclamation of 1763
B) Sugar Act
C) Navigation Acts
D) Stamp Act

Question 34

One reason that American protests against the Stamp Act were vehement was that it

A) was a new form of taxation, having no precedent in England.
B) greatly increased the cost of all articles imported into America.
C) taxed influential and articulate groups such as lawyers and newspaper editors.
D) prohibited the hiring of colonists responsible for printing and distributing the stamps.

Question 35

The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 primarily because of the

A) pressure from British merchants who had been hurt by the American boycott.
B) recognition by Parliament that it had acted unconstitutionally.
C) petition sent from the Stamp Act Congress.
D) riots and disturbances in the colonies protesting the act.

Question 36

On the same day it repealed the Stamp Act, Parliament passed the ________ Act stating that the colonies were "subordinate" to its wishes.

A) Sovereignty
B) Supremacy
C) Townshend
D) Declaratory

Question 37

The American understanding of the word "constitution" emphasized the

A) totality of laws, customs, and institutions developed over time.
B) specific written document spelling out and limiting the powers of government.
C) constitutionality of all laws passed by legislative bodies.
D) guarantee of certain fundamental liberties, such as the right of all adults to vote.

Question 38

Which of the following most accurately describes the English government's position on the meaning of sovereignty?

A) Parliament was sovereign over the external affairs of the colonies; the crown was sovereign over Parliament and the colonies' internal affairs.
B) Sovereignty was indivisible and rested ultimately with Parliament.
C) Parliament was sovereign over the colonies' external affairs; the colonial legislatures were sovereign over their internal affairs.
D) Sovereignty was indivisible and rested ultimately with the colonial legislatures.

Question 39

The belief that a "final, unqualified, indivisible" authority must exist in order to preserve the social order is an example of the

A) English view of direct representation.
B) American view of sovereignty.
C) American view of direct representation.
D) English view of sovereignty.

Question 40

The 1768 document which criticized the Townshend Acts as infringements on the natural and constitutional rights of the colonists was the

A) Declaration of Rights and Grievances.
B) Virginia "Resolves."
C) Massachusetts "Circular Letter."
D) Olive Branch Petition.

Question 41

Parliament's main goal in the Tea Act of 1773 was to

A) repeal the Townshend Tea Tax.
B) aid the British East India Tea Company.
C) force a new tax upon the colonies.
D) prohibit the production of tea in the colonies.

Question 42

The most important American objection to the Tea Act of 1773 was that it

A) made tea prohibitively expensive for American consumers.
B) was coupled with the arrival of British regiments in Boston to enforce the trade laws.
C) seemed to be a trick to trap Americans into paying the Townshend duty on tea.
D) closed colonial ports which refused to import English tea.

Question 43

The militant Boston leader of resistance to the Tea Act and of the Boston "Tea Party" was

A) John Adams.
B) Patrick Henry.
C) John Bernard.
D) Sam Adams.

Question 44

In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British passed a series of laws which, among other things, closed the port of Boston and strengthened the power of the governor of Massachusetts. In the colonies, these acts were known as the ________ Acts.

A) Intolerable
B) Suffolk
C) Royal Brute
D) Supremacy

Question 45

The most significant aspect of the Coercive Acts was that they

A) indicated Great Britain's desire to decrease its control of the colonies.
B) had little impact on the colonies.
C) indicated a change in British policy, from persuasion to punishment.
D) did the greatest economic harm to those who could least afford it.

Question 46

The most conservative proposal before the First Continental Congress in 1774 was the

A) Boston Manifesto that denounced the crimes committed by the British government since 1763.
B) Continental Association which called for boycotting British goods and cutting off exports to Great Britain.
C) plan from Joseph Galloway to create a general government for America capable of blocking Parliament's proposals.
D) Albany Plan from Benjamin Franklin for voluntary union among the colonies.

Question 47

According to your text, the most significant outcome of the First Continental Congress in the fall of 1774 was the

A) demand for colonial representation in Parliament.
B) colonies' hopes for a peaceful re-establishment of relations with England on the same basis as before the Stamp Act crisis.
C) formation of a Continental Army with George Washington as commander-in-chief.
D) realization that drastic changes must be made in their relationship with England.

Question 48

The Crown reserved the right to veto colonial laws.

Question 49

The Iron Act eliminated all duties on colonial pig and bar iron exported to England.

Question 50

The Great Awakening significantly decreased religious tolerance.

Question 51

In the seventeenth century, the English were eager to make an alliance with the Iroquois against the French.

Question 52

The French prepared for what became the French and Indian War by building a string of forts south from Lake Erie.

Question 53

Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan (1754) proposed a trans-Atlantic society to promote scientific research.

Question 54

According to the map, "Proclamation of 1763," the British-controlled area west of the Proclamation Line of 1763 was reserved for Native Americans.

Question 55

Thomas Jefferson led the opposition to the Stamp Act in the Virginia House of Burgesses.

Question 56

The so-called Boston Massacre had little impact on public opinion.

Question 57

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages the American colonies had under the British colonial system. How did the British justify and implement this system?

Question 58

Compare and contrast the major ideas and values of the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment in America. Describe the life and ideas of at least one major American figure in each movement.

Question 59

Describe the American highlights of the colonial wars between 1689 and 1763. Evaluate the major results of those wars for the colonies.

Question 60

Summarize the major conflicts between the American colonies and the British from 1763 to 1774.

Question 61

Explain how a dispute over taxes became a struggle over sovereignty; include a discussion about the differences in the British and the colonial views on the issue of sovereignty.

Question 62

What is the definition of the following key term:
-Seven Years' War :