Question 1

Which statement identifies the purpose of epidemiological reports in health promotion?&#10;A) They replace information literacy.&#10;B) They are used as part of assessment data.&#10;C) They predict the onset of disease processes.&#10;D) They reduce the need to prepare an action plan.

Accepted Answer

Epidemiological reports are part of assessment data and are used to prioritize health promotion initiatives. These reports are used as a skill in information literacy. The reports will not predict the onset of a disease process. The reports will not replace an action plan.

Question 2

Which words will the nurse use when explaining the distribution of an epidemiologic study?&#10;A) School, country&#10;B) Causes, risk factors&#10;C) Frequency, pattern&#10;D) Scientific, systematic

Accepted Answer

Distribution refers to frequency or pattern of data. School or country is used to describe a specific population. Causes and risk factors are used to describe determinants. Scientific and systematic are used to describe the actual study.

Question 3

Which approach will the nurse take when first examining descriptive data?&#10;A) Analyze total numbers&#10;B) Calculate the relative risk ratio&#10;C) Determine the absolute risk ratio&#10;D) Compare with standardized incidence rates

Accepted Answer

Descriptive data are examined first in total numbers. Calculating relative risk ratios and absolute risk ratios, and comparing with standardized incident rates are conducted by biostatisticians and epidemiologists. Nurses do not need to learn these complex skills to understand and use what the reports reveal.

Question 4

Which action does a nurse need to take to be considered a &#34;consumer of epidemiology&#34;?&#10;A) Analyze specific calculations and study designs&#10;B) Collect and analyze health data in aggregated form&#10;C) Use the data for health promotion and disease prevention&#10;D) Locate applicable Web sites and resources about a specific health problem

Accepted Answer

Finding, reading, and understanding reports about behavior and disease trends is a high-level information literacy skill. Health professionals who adopt these skills and use epidemiological reports for health promotion and disease prevention efforts can be called "consumers of epidemiology." Epidemiologists analyze specific calculations and study designs. Epidemiologists also collect and analyze health data in aggregated form. The nurse needs to do more than locate applicable Web site and resources about a specific health problem to be considered a consumer of epidemiology.

Question 5

Which Web site should the nurse use to obtain information on health-care performance across a variety of settings and organizations?&#10;A) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)&#10;B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)&#10;C) Healthcare Effectiveness and Information Data Set (HEDIS)&#10;D) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Accepted Answer

HEDIS is used by a majority of health plans, and its measures and report cards provide information to compare performance across settings and organizations. CMS is used for information about Medicare and Medicaid. The CDC lists infectious and chronic disease patterns and trends for the nation and each state. NHANES data include demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and health-related questions as well as medical, dental, and physiological measures and laboratory tests to determine epidemiological prevalence and trends.

Question 6

Which epidemiological term is defined as &#34;the death number&#34; or &#34;the death rate&#34;?&#10;A) Cases&#10;B) Mortality&#10;C) Incidence&#10;D) Prevalence

Accepted Answer

Mortality is the number of deaths or the rates of death. Cases are the individual or unique numbers or counts in a defined population. Incidence is the number of new cases in a specific time period. Prevalence is the number of new cases or rates of people living with the disease or condition.

Question 7

Which data will the nurse focus on when wanting to see the number of people of different ages with a specific illness?&#10;A) Cases&#10;B) Incidence&#10;C) Prevalence&#10;D) Age-adjusted rate

Accepted Answer

Age-adjusted rates are the frequency with which an event occurs that can be compared among different event distributions across different age groups. Cases are the individual or unique numbers or counts in a defined population. Incidence is the number of new cases in a specific time period. Prevalence is the number of new cases or rates of people living with the disease or condition.

Question 8

Which of the following will the nurse explain as the purpose of a confidence level?&#10;A) Provides a total of cases and incidence&#10;B) Removes the mortality rate from simple statistics&#10;C) Subtracts the age-related rate from the prevalence&#10;D) Calculates the statistic plus or minus the margin of error

Accepted Answer

A confidence level is defined by the sample statistic plus or minus the margin of error. The confidence level does not manipulate the number of cases, incidence, mortality rate, age-related rate, or prevalence.

Question 9

Why would a nurse use epidemiological data before planning and implementing evidence-based health promotion activities?&#10;A) To identify the burden of disease&#10;B) To predict the success of interventions&#10;C) To ensure a sufficient amount of resources&#10;D) To assess where the population is currently

Accepted Answer

Epidemiological data supply important assessment information for discussion and review before evidence-based health promotion activities are planned and implemented. Using this data can reveal the magnitude of a problem so planners can judge whether resources are sufficient for an effective health promotion initiative or determine if more resources need to be recruited either through proposal writing or staff recruiting. The review of literature is used to identify the burden of disease. Epidemiological data are not used to predict the success of interventions before planning and implementing evidence-based health promotion activities. Health promotion activities are planned after assessing where the population is currently.

Question 10

Which of the following will the nurse use to set a goal for a health promotion project?&#10;A) Follow-up studies&#10;B) Demographic data&#10;C) Percentage of change&#10;D) Size of the population

Accepted Answer

Health promotion projects often set goals in terms of percentages of people to be reached to improve a health outcome. Follow-up studies would be used to evaluate effectiveness of the project. Demographic data are used to identify the size of the target population. The size of the population is estimated to determine if the project goal has been met.

Deck 3: Utilization-Focused Epidemiology