Deck 3: Social Justice Counseling

Question 1

Some scholars have argued that social justice counseling should be considered the fifth force in the counseling profession. The first four forces, in order, are

A) psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, and multicultural forces.
B) psychodynamic, behavioral, multicultural, and humanistic forces.
C) psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, and multicultural forces.
D) behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, and multicultural forces.

Answer 1

psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, and multicultural forces.

Question 2

__________ refers to the act of arguing on behalf of an individual, group, idea or issue in the pursuit of influencing outcomes.

A) Social justice
B) Social advocacy
C) Social justice counseling
D) Social revolution

Answer 2

Social advocacy

Question 3

__________ refers to a belief in a just world that respects and protects human rights.

A) Social justice
B) Social advocacy
C) Social justice counseling
D) Social revolution

Answer 3

Social justice

Question 4

Social justice counseling refers to counseling that recognizes the impact of __________ on the mental health of individuals.

A) oppression
B) privilege
C) discrimination
D) All of the above.

Question 5

_________ is NOT a goal of social justice counseling.

A) Helping to empower people to advocate for themselves
B) The belief that all people have a right to equitable treatment
C) Ensuring that all people have the tools and resources for a "good life"
D) All of the above are goals of social justice counseling.

Question 6

Oppression can be enacted by

A) a heterosexual White male.
B) a bisexual White female.
C) a heterosexual Black male.
D) All of the above.

Question 7

When there is an imbalance of power, __________ exist(s).

A) oppression but not privilege
B) oppression and privilege
C) privilege but not oppression
D) None of the above.

Question 8

__________ is defined as having control, choice, autonomy, and authority or influence over others.

A) Privilege
B) Empowerment
C) Power
D) Discrimination

Question 9

__________ is defined as having access, advantage, and a majority status.

A) Privilege
B) Empowerment
C) Power
D) Discrimination

Question 10

__________ is the process by which those who are powerless and marginalized become aware of the power dynamics and develop the skills to gain control over their lives and work toward empowering others.

A) Privilege
B) Social Justice
C) Power
D) Empowerment

Question 11

__________ has been identified as the primary cause of emotional disturbances.

A) Sexism
B) Racism
C) Poverty
D) Stress

Question 12

Poor children compared with more economically advantaged children experience

A) equal schooling.
B) less violence.
C) increased social support.
D) None of the above.

Question 13

One of the principal sources of stress is

A) lower social support.
B) lack of health care.
C) inferior education.
D) poverty.

Question 14

__________ is NOT a domain covered in the ACA Advocacy Competencies for counseling professionals.

A) Client/student empowerment
B) Community collaboration
C) Social/political advocacy
D) All of the above are domains of the ACA Advocacy Competencies.

Question 15

According to Hays, Chang, and Chaney (2007), __________ is a reason counselors do not engage in social justice counseling.

A) the high intrapersonal costs for counselors
B) incongruence with theoretical orientation
C) a lack of training in dealing with oppression issues
D) All of the above.

Question 16

Amy helps a client identify the external social, political, economic, and cultural factors that affect her life. This is an example from the ACA Advocacy Competency domain of

A) Client/Student Empowerment.
B) Client/Student Advocacy.
C) Community Collaboration.
D) Public Information.

Question 17

After Hiroshi's client informs him that she was denied an apartment lease due to her race, he refers his client to the free legal clinic available to university students. This is an example from the ACA Advocacy Competency domain of

A) Client/Student Empowerment.
B) Client/Student Advocacy.
C) Community Collaboration.
D) Social/Political Advocacy.

Question 18

Oppression exists at the __________ level.

A) individual
B) institutional
C) cultural
D) All of the above.

Question 19

__________ can influence privilege.

A) Religion
B) Education
C) Family
D) All of the above.

Question 20

__________ limit racial, ethnic, and cultural minority's access to mental health care.

A) Socioeconomic factors
B) Language barriers
C) Medical complication factors
D) All of the above.

Question 21

Experiences of oppression can lead to __________ according to a 2001 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services report.

A) depression
B) substance Abuse
C) low birth rates for women
D) All of the above.

Question 22

A White gay male

A) holds privilege given his race and sex but is oppressed given his sexual orientation.
B) shows how one can be both victim and perpetuator of oppression.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

Social justice counseling refers to counseling that recognizes the impact of __________ on the mental health of individuals.

A) oppression
B) privilege
C) discrimination
D) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a goal of social justice counseling?

A) To help empower people to advocate for themselves.
B) To focus exclusively on those groups who have been disenfranchised.
C) The belief that all people have a right to equitable treatment.
D) To ensure that all people have the tools and resources for a "good life."

Question 25

Counselors for Social Justice was chartered as a division of ACA in

A) 1999.
B) 2000.
C) 2001.
D) 2002.

Question 26

Social injustice refers to

A) punishment for not following norms.
B) the unequal assignment of privilege.
C) unequal distribution of rewards and burdens.
D) All of the above.

Question 27

_____ involves the act of imposing on an individual or group an object, label, role, experience, or living condition that is unwanted and causes physical and psychological pain.

A) Oppression by force
B) Oppression by deprivation
C) Internalized oppression
D) Tertiary oppression

Question 28

Secondary oppression involves

A) oppression by force and oppression by deprivation.
B) individuals benefiting from overt oppressive acts against others.
C) internalized oppression.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

A female who buys into the message that males are more superior and that women should be subjugated may be experiencing

A) oppression by force.
B) primary oppression.
C) secondary oppression.
D) internalized oppression.

Question 30

_______ occurs when social, political, economic, and other institutional entities and processes intentionally or unintentionally place barriers on development, wellness, dignity, and human potential.

A) Privilege
B) Imbalance
C) Structural violence
D) Internalized oppression

Question 31

Which of the following components contribute to the concept of privilege?

A) Power
B) Access
C) Majority status
D) All of the above

Question 32

The goal of _____ involves equitable distribution of power.

A) empowerment
B) social justice counseling
C) power imbalances
D) All of the above

Question 33

A key aspect of empowerment involves _______, or the behaviors and attitudes that clients identify as beneficial in coping with stressful situations and adversity.

A) resilience
B) equity
C) stress management
D) distribution of power

Question 34

All of the following are considered "personal action steps" that counselors can take as social advocates EXCEPT

A) exploring personal privilege.
B) avoiding all biases.
C) exploring the nature of oppression.
D) becoming more multiculturally literate.

Question 35

The ______ of the ACA Advocacy Competencies consists of client/student empowerment and client/student advocacy.

A) middle level
B) macrolevel
C) minor level
D) microlevel

Question 36

The _______ of the ACA Advocacy Competencies consists of public information and social/political advocacy.

A) middle level
B) macrolevel
C) minor level
D) microlevel

Question 37

According to the ACA Advocacy Competencies, the macrolevel of interventions may include lobbying at the ______ level.

A) local
B) state
C) national
D) All of the above

Question 38

__________ are the 3 tiers of the three-tier model of social advocacy.

A) Self-awareness, client services, and community collaboration
B) Client-awareness, theoretical orientation, and community outreach
C) Client/student empowerment, systems advocacy, and public information
D) Worldview, counseling relationship, and counseling advocacy interventions

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of the client services tier of the social advocacy model?

A) Awareness of one's own cultural values and biases.
B) A strong professional counselor identity.
C) Advocating for changes that help counselors provide high quality services.
D) Identifying and advocating for change in the community.

Question 40

______ involves working toward social change at the organizational and institutional level.

A) Client services
B) Self-awareness
C) Community collaboration
D) All of the above

Question 41

Which of the following reasons may prevent counselor trainees from engaging in social justice counseling?

A) High intrapersonal and interpersonal costs.
B) Lack of appropriate training in dealing with oppression.
C) Concern for burnout, job loss, and harassment.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

Social justice counseling and _____ are used interchangeably in the counseling literature.

A) social justice
B) advocacy counseling
C) person-centered counseling
D) All of the above

Question 43

All of the following are examples of empowerment EXCEPT

A) validating a client's anxiety with coming out to his or her parents.
B) normalizing a trauma survivor's symptomology.
C) using an etic perspective to ensure equal treatment for all clients.
D) collaborating with others to address the lack of resources in a local school.

Question 44

_____ believed that the principles of psychology should be used to address social problems.

A) Ellis
B) Rogers
C) Parsons
D) Freud

Question 45

In 2015 the ACA Multicultural Counseling Competencies were revised to become the

A) Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies.
B) Multicultural Counselor Educator Competencies.
C) Social Justice Competencies.
D) None of the above; the competencies were revised but retained the same name.

Question 46

One of the goals of social justice counseling is to establish equal distribution of power and resources through advocacy to ensure that all people have the tools and resources for a "good life." Discuss what is included and not included in a "good life."

Question 47

Define and distinguish among the terms social advocacy, social justice, social injustice, and social justice counseling.

Question 48

Identify at least two historical events that contributed to the growth of social justice counseling.

Question 49

Pick one marginalized group (e.g., Black gay men, women, migrant workers) and give two examples of how you could advocate for this group and where these examples fall in the following six domains: 1) client empowerment, 2) client advocacy, 3) community collaboration, 4) systems advocacy, 5) public information, and 6) social/political advocacy.

Question 50

How is a person's conceptualization of privilege and oppression developed?

Question 51

Does an inverse relationship exist between privilege and oppression? Why or why not?

Question 52

Give examples for each of the four components of privilege: (a) power, (b) access, (c) advantage, and (d) status.

Question 53

Discuss how social justice counseling principles fit into your current theoretical orientation. What aspects of social justice counseling fit well with your theoretical orientation? What aspects of social justice counseling may be incongruent with your theoretical orientation?

Question 54

Define and give examples of the five components of empowerment.

Question 55

What are some of the ethical challenges social justice counselors might face? For example, many counselors worry about imposing their own values on their clients. What are some of the benefits and consequences of such an action? Is imposing a counselor's values ever justified? Why or why not?

Question 56

Reflect on the following statement: "Enjoying the pleasures of life can help sustain us in advocating for change." What does that mean to you? What are some of the "pleasures of life" that sustain you? How does this statement fit with the concept of burnout that many counselors face?

Question 57

Discuss and give examples of oppression for the following groups: (a) Families that are homeless, (b) Interracial heterosexual couples, (c) White gay men, and (d) Latina straight women.

Question 58

Discuss and give examples of privilege in the lives of the following groups: (a) White heterosexual men, (b) Asian straight men, (c) White older adult women, and (d) Latino gay men.

Question 59

Explain Chang, Hays, and Milliken's (2007) three-tiered model for advocacy.

Question 60

Describe some of the challenges and benefits of social justice counseling