Deck 16: Legislation, Support, and Challenges in Early Childhood Disability Education

Question 1

In the United States, provisions for preschool disabled children are legislated under

A) PL 95 561.
B) PL 126- 200.
C) PL 94- 142.
D) federal transition initiatives.
E) PL 99- 457.

Answer 1

PL 99- 457.

Question 2

The role of parents in facilitating and maintaining developmental progress in handicapped children is that of

A) observer.
B) informants for the teachers.
C) support for the professionals.
D) therapist.
E) primary players.

Answer 2

primary players.

Question 3

Studies on the self- concept of the siblings of children with disabilities are best described as

A) conclusive in their evidence that self- concept suffers.
B) highly relevant for brothers, but not sisters.
C) providing strong evidence of little effect on self- concept.
D) inconclusive, with varying and contradictory results.
E) conclusive that the self- concepts of siblings tend to be better than those of their peers.

Answer 3

inconclusive, with varying and contradictory results.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of parent self- help groups?

A) providing a forum in which to discuss concerns
B) develop positive action
C) promoting understanding of exceptional children
D) helping parents talk about issues together
E) making decisions on educational placement

Question 5

Early identification is founded on the belief that

A) parents need a label in order to obtain appropriate services for their child.
B) accurate diagnosis becomes problematic in later years.
C) school systems require accurate prevalence figures as early as possible.
D) data will help to target skills that will enhance options for a child's participation in the environment.
E) when children are identified early, appropriate early intervention automatically follows.

Question 6

Parent advocacy has been responsible, to a greater or lesser extent, for all EXCEPT which one of the following?

A) altering school curricula
B) research in prevention and amelioration of disabling conditions
C) altering the standards of treatment in institutions
D) special personnel training
E) developing community- based living facilities

Question 7

The MAIN purpose of infant assessment is to

A) show parents how to arrest neurological problems.
B) pinpoint necessary functional skills.
C) provide data that will lead to intervention.
D) predict the child's future functioning.
E) record accurate prevalence data.

Question 8

Early identification for kindergarten children would TYPICALLY include

A) numeracy skills.
B) labelling children for funding purposes.
C) assessing peer and sibling relationships.
D) ascertaining reading readiness measures.
E) achievement tests.

Question 9

There are a number of models or approaches used to look at families. The model that sees a family as moving through a series of events and transitions is the

A) stage model.
B) family support model.
C) social approach.
D) systems approach.
E) life- cycle approach.

Question 10

Dr. James, a psychologist, is focusing on the additional stress created in a particular family as the child with a disability moves from a preschool program to the regular school system. Dr. James is using a _ model.

A) stage
B) social support
C) systems
D) family needs
E) life- span

Question 11

The systems approach or theory

A) sees parents pass through discrete stages as they arrive at acceptance of a child's disability.
B) sees a family as bound by a biological relationship.
C) stresses the impact of the child's condition on family functioning.
D) sees a family passing through a series of events and transitions.
E) suggests that problems need to be defined in the larger environmental context.

Question 12

The model that focuses on families helping themselves with informal supports is the ___ theory.

A) informal- internal
B) social support
C) stage
D) life- cycle
E) systems

Question 13

Stress becomes more heightened in families in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when

A) a younger sibling's development exceeds that of the disabled child.
B) there is an initial diagnosis of the disability.
C) a child- management crisis occurs.
D) the disabled child is born.
E) the disabled child enters school.

Question 14

A research- based goal of early intervention with children who are multiply disabled stresses

A) teaching children to speak.
B) normalizing the disabled child before school begins.
C) preparing the disabled child for the formal school setting.
D) stimulating the environment to optimize cognitive growth.
E) relieving the parents.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT typically a source of an adverse reaction suffered by siblings of children with disabilities?

A) different disciplinary systems in the home
B) disregard for grooming
C) role confusion
D) additional responsibilities
E) lack of parental attention

Question 16

A MAJOR purpose of parent counselling is to

A) identify programming issues.
B) provide an education forum for programming discussions.
C) provide assistance in environmental adjustments.
D) monitor continued development.
E) enable parents to feel supported.

Question 17

The stress felt by families with an exceptional member is MOST closely related to

A) the child's condition.
B) child- rearing practices.
C) parent- child interactions.
D) the sibling reactions.
E) the mother's stability.

Question 18

During the 19th century, educators MOSTLY understood the formative years for both normal and exceptional populations as being

A) adolescence.
B) prepubesence.
C) adulthood.
D) early childhood.
E) infancy.

Question 19

Maria Montessori has a prominent place in childhood development because of her work with

A) sensory training methods.
B) levels of taxonomy.
C) experiential learning.
D) differentiated instruction techniques.
E) developmental stages.

Question 20

Preparing for transition from one program to another involves all of the following components EXCEPT

A) supporting families as they adjust to the new program.
B) providing funding to families to alleviate expenses associated with change.
C) minimizing the disruption caused by necessary changes in service.
D) providing the child with the skills to succeed in the new placement.
E) preparing families for the move to a new program.

Question 21

Regular early childhood curriculum includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) communication.
B) social and emotional development.
C) coping mechanisms.
D) self- care and physical development.
E) demands of the current environment.

Question 22

The first parent- teacher group was the

A) United Cerebral Palsy Association.
B) Council for Exceptional Children.
C) Learning Disabilities Association of Canada.
D) National Association on Mental Retardation.
E) National Society for Crippled Children.

Question 23

All of the following characteristics shape the ability of a family to cope with a child who is exceptional EXCEPT.

A) socio- economic status
B) religion
C) cultural background
D) size
E) place of residence

Question 24

Service delivery models in formal schooling are

A) focused on home- bound delivery.
B) predominantly for low- enrolment specialized classrooms.
C) exclusively built around inclusion.
D) subject to parent caution about inclusion.
E) moving rapidly toward inclusion practices.

Question 25

In regards to family needs, by using a parent interview an intervenor can explore all of the following EXCEPT

A) opportunities for learning in the home.
B) self- efficacy.
C) child- rearing methods.
D) discipline.
E) parental attitudes.

Question 26

All of the following factors would be taken into account in assessing a six- month- old child EXCEPT

A) manual dexterity
B) motor coordination
C) alertness
D) awareness of the environment
E) vocalization

Question 27

The integration of children with disabilities into natural settings is predicated on all of the following EXCEPT

A) development of social interaction and friendship.
B) improvement in self- concept.
C) peer models of behaviour and skills.
D) opportunity for observation and imitation of language.
E) pursuit of normal development.

Question 28

Early childhood special education programs should be thought of as

A) specifically targeted to weaknesses.
B) parallel care and education.
C) prime settings for developing readiness skills.
D) embedded in general early childhood education.
E) separate from early childhood programs.

Question 29

In implementing early intervention programs, parent involvement means

A) doing the professional work.
B) taking a shared responsibility for the child's progress.
C) providing support services to supplement the professional work.
D) meeting with parent advocacy groups.
E) teaching a specific set of activities.

Question 30

Studies reveal that many parents are not actively involved in their child's early intervention program primarily because

A) professionals do not share their expertise.
B) training programs are not available.
C) children reject their parents taking an interest.
D) licensing requirements take them out of the picture.
E) their own unmet needs mitigate against involvement.

Question 31

Which of the following is one of the most critical components when working with children with behavioral disorders?

A) the opportunity to work in the family context
B) children will not be shy when at home
C) home assessments can be done unobtrusively
D) the cost savings
E) parents can take full responsibility for the program

Question 32

Unsolved problems in working with children with behavioural disorders are

A) siblings and culture.
B) parent and child cooperation.
C) accurate data collection and records.
D) assessment and environment measures.
E) early identification and intervention.

Question 33

The correlation between early aggression and late antisocial behaviour is reported to be

A) 0.25.
B) 0.05.
C) 0.67.
D) 0.92.
E) 1.00.

Question 34

Which of the following manifestations of aggression is INCORRECT? Children described as aggressive at 13- 15 years of age will likely

A) be engaged in criminal and antisocial activities by age 24.
B) respond positively to peer pressure in an inclusive classroom setting.
C) abuse their partners in adulthood.
D) be convicted for violence before age 32.
E) fight frequently by age 18.

Question 35

The behaviour that parents of disabled infants find LEAST difficult and stressful is

A) resisting being held.
B) passive nonresponsiveness.
C) constant seeking of affection.
D) crying.
E) tuning out.

Question 36

Before parents can effectively assist in the care and progress of their child with an exceptionality, they need to overcome their own ______ .

Question 37

Of the models used to examine family functioning, the current family- centred approaches are most closely aligned to the ___ and__ ___ models.

Question 38

Upon learning that her child had a handicapping condition, Ms. Smith became extremely depressed before accepting her child's diagnosis. Ms. Smith has passed through discrete____.

Question 39

Family counselling is particularly valuable to assist families that suffer from continuing periods of_____.

Question 40

The most traditional way of examining a family that includes a member with a disability is____.

Question 41

In the stage theory, most parents reach a stage of____ when they become reconciled to their child's condition.

Question 42

All families experience life- cycle transitions, and there seem to be specific periods that result in increased_____ .

Question 43

The model that stresses a family's functioning in various family subsystems is the_____ model.

Question 44

Lori visits a home each week to work with a child and the family. She would be referred to as a______ teacher.

Question 45

Early childhood special education in the 1960s saw a blend of special education, ______ , and _______ programs.

Question 46

Through appropriate early intervention, many secondary disabilities can be prevented in children with multiple handicaps.

Question 47

In Canada, very few programs exist to serve disabled preschoolers and their families.

Question 48

Children with severe and profound disabilities may occupy the social position of the youngest child in the family.

Question 49

All parents, when confronted with the reality of an exceptional child, pass through specific stages of reaction at specific times.

Question 50

The establishment of educational and support services for young children with or at risk for disabilities and their families is called early intervention.

Question 51

List four theories that address the family's part in working with children with disabilities.

Question 52

Name three factors associated with variance in family functioning.

Question 53

Provide the rationale for why parent participation is desirable in early interventionprograms for children with disabilities.

Question 54

List three reasons why parents may be reluctant to become full partners in the educational process.

Question 55

Identify and discuss four of the particular stressors facing families with children with special needs.

Question 56

Imagine that you are the father of a boy recently diagnosed as being mentally retarded. Explain the initial reactions to the news and the steps you should take to ensure the child's welfare.

Question 57

Analyze and discuss this statement: It is impossible for parents to accept the diagnosis of a handicapping condition without reacting strongly.