Deck 8: Otolaryngology

Question 1

A common cause of reversible, unilateral hearing loss is:

A) Stroke
B) Head trauma
C) Meningitis
D) Cerumen impaction

Answer 1

Cerumen impaction

Question 2

Conductive hearing loss differs from sensorineural hearing loss in that:

A) Sensorineural hearing loss is usually temporary, while conductive hearing loss is usually permanent
B) Conductive hearing loss often impairs speech acquisition, but sensorineural hearing loss does not
C) Salicylates, aminoglycosides, and diuretics can cause conductive hearing loss, but not sensorineural hearing loss
D) Conductive hearing loss occurs when sounds cannot travel to the auditory apparatus within the ear; sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the auditory nerve or the central auditory pathways (in the brain) are damaged.

Answer 2

Conductive hearing loss occurs when sounds cannot travel to the auditory apparatus within the ear; sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the auditory nerve or the central auditory pathways (in the brain) are damaged.

Question 3

The best way to determine whether a person has hearing loss is by:

A) Whispering
B) Performing an audiological test
C) Performing Weber's test
D) Performing Rinne's test

Answer 3

Performing an audiological test

Question 4

Prelingual hearing loss would be of greatest concern to:

A) Infants and their parents
B) Factory workers
C) Librarians
D) The elderly

Question 5

The ossicles within the ear:

A) Obstruct the passage of sounds received by the pinna
B) Dampen sounds that enter the external auditory canal
C) Amplify sounds received by the tympanic membrane
D) Transmit sounds along the acoustic nerve through the petrous portion of the temporal bone

Question 6

The healthy human ear is most sensitive to sounds in which frequency range?

A) Very low frequencies, around 20 Hz
B) Moderately low frequencies, around 1500 to 3000 Hz
C) Very high frequencies, around 20,000 Hz
D) All frequencies, from 20 to 20,000 Hz

Question 7

Swimmer's ear affects which portion of the auditory apparatus?

A) The acoustic nerve
B) The organ of Corti
C) The external auditory canal
D) The utricle

Question 8

Mastoiditis:

A) Is commonly caused by the same bacterial organisms that cause otitis media
B) Results from mastocytosis
C) Is another name for mastitis
D) Results from protozoal infection with mastigophorans

Question 9

Bell's palsy:

A) Is a form of stroke that affects the muscles of the face
B) Is a unilateral facial paralysis that results from injury or illness in a peripheral nerve
C) Is incurable
D) Is a cause of intense, lancinating pains in the face

Question 10

The most common cause of cancer of the lip is:

A) Gastroesophageal reflux
B) Air pollution
C) The eating of spicy foods
D) Smoking

Question 11

The most common cause of cancer of the larynx is:

A) Gastroesophageal reflux
B) Air pollution
C) The eating of spicy foods
D) Smoking

Question 12

A patient with diabetes mellitus whose blood sugars are chronically elevated completes a course of antibiotic therapy for a urinary tract infection. Three weeks later she tells you she has developed white patches on her tongue and buccal mucosa which she can scrape away with her fingernail. She is worried she may have cancer. You swab one of the lesions, which has a curdlike, cottage-cheese appearance, and send it to the laboratory in a little saline for KOH testing. Why?

A) This is the best way to see if cancer is present
B) This is a convenient way to identify oral thrush
C) This is a good way to test her blood glucose level
D) This is a good test for lactose intolerance

Question 13

The whispered voice test:

A) Identifies people who have vocal cord dysfunction
B) Is a screening test for clinically important hearing loss
C) Is a screening test for delusions, delirium, and dementia
D) Identifies people with aphasia after stroke

Question 14

Strep throat is most commonly experienced by people aged:

A) 0 to 4 years old
B) 5 to 11 years old
C) 12 to 74 years old
D) >75 years old

Question 15

All of the following are causes of pharyngitis except:

A) Mycoplasma pneumonia
B) Corynebacterium diphtheria
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Adenoviruses
E) Entamoeba histolytica

Question 16

Which of the following viral infections almost always produces benign or self-limited disease?

A) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic viral infection
B) Ebola virus
C) Hantavirus infection
D) Rhinovirus infection

Question 17

The beneficial effects of ear candling, the burning of a cone of waxed paper in the external auditory canal, include:

A) It is a proven treatment for cerumen impaction
B) It detoxifies the body via the skin of the ear canal
C) It improves hearing
D) It improves the functioning of the vestibular nerve
E) None of the above

Question 18

The ability of a person to maintain normal balance (to sit, stand, roll over, or move without feeling like falling) depends on which of the following anatomical structures?

A) The vestibule of the ear
B) The semicircular canals of the ear
C) The medial longitudinal fasciculus of the brain
D) The vestibulocochlear nerve of the ear

Question 19

Common causes of otitis media include:

A) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B) Influenza virus
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
D) Autoimmune diseases

Question 20

Potential causes of chronic hoarseness and cough include:

A) Gastroesophageal reflux
B) Postnasal drainage
C) Cancer of the larynx or vocal cords
D) Candidiasis

Question 21

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Pinna

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 22

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Nasal septum

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 23

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Soft palate

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 24

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Uvula

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 25

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Incus

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 26

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Umbo

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 27

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Hard palate

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 28

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Cochlear nerve

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 29

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Trigeminal nerve

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue

Question 30

Matching Identify the anatomical structures in the ears, nose, and throat by matching them with their descriptions.

-Parotid gland

A) The anterior part of the horizontal structure that separates the roof of the mouth from the nasal cavity.
B) A musculomembranous fold that partly separates the mouth and the pharynx
C) A dangling projection of tissue that hangs at the back of the throat above the root of the tongue
D) One of the three small bones in the middle ear
E) The largest of the salivary glands, located inferior to, and anterior to the ear
F) The central, depressed portion of the concavity on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane. It is the point of attachment of the malleus to the tympanic membrane.
G) A partition, consisting of cartilage and bone, which separates the nasal cavities
H) Cranial nerve V; a combined motor and sensory nerve that supplies the muscles that chew and receives sensory information from the face
I) A branch of cranial nerve VIII; it carries sensory information from the tympanic membranes to the brain stem
J) The cranial nerve that passes from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate
K) The external auditory canal
L) The wing-shaped structure that funnels sounds into the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane
M) The small salivary glands within the mouth underneath the tongue