Deck 5: Being Gendered: Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

People learn gender through a process of __________________.

A) biological development
B) moral development
C) socialization
D) maturation

Answer 1

socialization

Question 2

Male and female twins are born. The male is wrapped in a blue blanket and the female is wrapped in a pink blanket. This common practice is an example of early ____________________________.

A) gender socialization
B) sexual determinism
C) reinforcement
D) modeling

Answer 2

gender socialization

Question 3

From the list below, which term do the authors of the text use in reference to those instances in which the determination of a child's gender is made obvious by her/his clothing and/or by the ways in which the parents act towards the child?

A) social learning
B) modeling
C) reinforcement
D) tiger/princess dichotomy

Answer 3

tiger/princess dichotomy

Question 4

______________ refers to the socialization that takes place in early childhood.

A) Gender placement
B) Cre socialization
C) Primary socialization
D) Foundational socialization

Question 5

_________________refers to the general theory which argues that we learn gender in the same way as we learn other things: through observation and interaction.

A) Social learning
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Gender schema
D) Cognitive development

Question 6

According to social learning theory, we learn gender through reinforcement and _______________.

A) modeling
B) coercion
C) rewarding
D) osmosis

Question 7

The term "incorrigible male-female binary", used by the gender theorist Bronwyn Davies in reference to our pervasive and restrictively two-sexed and two-gendered linguistic structures, comes out what theoretical approach?

A) phenomenology
B) social constructionism
C) post-structuralism
D) post-colonialism

Question 8

In her psychosocial theory, Vivian Seltzer uses this term to refer to the particular social milieu in which young people evaluate, model, imitate, critique, observe and judge the people around them.

A) comparative arena
B) peer arena
C) peer culture
D) conformity arena

Question 9

The key arena of socialization for young children is _____________.

A) school
B) family
C) peer group
D) television and computer games

Question 10

What is the name for the effect of the family's crucial role in a child's first learning experience?

A) primary effect
B) secondary effect
C) identity effect
D) comparative effect

Question 11

Research conducted on children's rooms, toys, and clothing to assess the gendered nature of their content tends to show that gender polarization is evident in _______________ families today.

A) all
B) many
C) very few
D) it is impossible to say

Question 12

According to current research, what difference do clothing, color, and toys make to a child's gendered self?

A) significant difference
B) very little difference
C) it varies from case to case
D) significant difference for girls, little impact for boys

Question 13

Research on mothers and fathers indicates that they typically play _______roles.

A) virtually identical
B) gender neutral
C) very different and quite gender-patterned
D) contradictory

Question 14

According to the review of research literature in the text, gender polarization is a significant factor in________ households today.

A) all
B) most
C) some
D) very few

Question 15

The set of values, norms, and beliefs that are not deliberately taught in school, but which underlie the formal curriculum, is called the _________________ curriculum.

A) subliminal
B) ideological
C) hidden
D) unconscious

Question 16

In what way do teachers typically interact with students in schools, according to much social scientific research?

A) gendered
B) gender neutral
C) objective
D) politically correct

Question 17

While boys are more likely to engage in physical aggression in the schoolyard, girls are more likely to engage in _________________________.

A) psychological aggression
B) relational aggression
C) appearance-based aggression
D) hetero-normative aggression

Question 18

Bullying through gossip, rumour, and social exclusion is known as __________.

A) psychological aggression
B) social aggression
C) relational aggression
D) hetero-normative aggression

Question 19

What context provided the basis of focus for Matthews' study of gender expectations and appearance norms?

A) mass media
B) weight loss industry
C) peer arena
D) sports culture

Question 20

Gender on the _____________ level was not explored as a significant dimension of gender in Matthews' case study of young women's relations to appearance norms.

A) individual
B) interactional
C) socio-cultural
D) institutional

Question 21

A central place for learning about gender during adolescence and for evaluating, imitating, experimenting observing and critiquing the appearance and actions of others is _________________.

A) family context
B) peer arena
C) formal religion
D) sports culture

Question 22

What are the two primary criticisms of the conception of gender identity as a permanent and stable component of selfhood?

Question 23

Identify the key differences between cognitive development theory and gender schema theory (with respect to gender, specifically).

Question 24

Characterize social science research that addresses the question of the relationship between family type (e.g. lone parent, nuclear, gay/lesbian, etc.) and relative advantage/disadvantage for children.

Question 25

What did Matthews learn about adolescent girls' relation to appearance norms in her qualitative research?

Question 26

Characterise the four different relations to appearance norms that embodied by the four young women described in the summary of Matthews' qualitative research. What is the significance of this? .

Question 27

Write an essay which applies gender schema theory to your own family life . What do you think are the strengths and weaknesses of such an approach, based on its degree of application to your life (and self)?

Question 28

Develop an essay in which you consider this very educational institution as a site of gender socialization. Be sure to distinguish between the formal and the hidden curriculum. Use concrete examples in your analysis.

Question 29

Drawing upon chapter five, discuss the difference between conceiving of gender as a fixed component of one's identity vs. something that is fluid, relational, and dynamic.