Deck 12: Gender and Paid Work

Question 1

Historically, who has undertaken the bulk of unpaid work?

A) women
B) men
C) children
D) family members of all ages and genders

Answer 1

family members of all ages and genders

Question 2

Following what historical period did the large-scale separation of home and workplace take place?

A) the Renaissance
B) the fall of the Roman Empire
C) the Industrial Revolution
D) the 1960's

Answer 2

the Industrial Revolution

Question 3

According to Kimbrell (1995), masculinity has itself been "transformed into a/n ______________ proposition".

A) optional
B) unhealthy
C) pathological
D) destructive

Answer 3

unhealthy

Question 4

In recent decades, one of the most significant changes in the Canadian workplace has been the rapid increase in________________________.

A) part-time and contract work
B) working from within the home
C) women working outside of the home
D) early retirement

Question 5

Women in Canada today earn approximately _____ of what men earn.

A) 50%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 95%

Question 6

According to recent reports, why are women of all ages more likely to work in part-time paid jobs?

A) because they are only given part-time hours
B) because of responsibilities related to family life
C) because of the nature of the types of work that have been available to them in recent years
D) there are no general patterns

Question 7

Typically, the gender earnings gap begins when people start to work and __________ throughout adulthood.

A) remains fairly constant
B) lessens slightly
C) lessens significantly
D) widens

Question 8

A frequently heard explanation for why women earn less than men is this:

A) women are more emotional than men
B) women are not as physically strong as men
C) men are more reliable than women
D) women belong in the domestic sphere

Question 9

The exclusion of women from a particular occupation based on the incorrect belief that they are not capable of such work is an example of:

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) stereotyping
D) misogyny

Question 10

What is the name for the economic theory that is based on the division between primary and secondary sector jobs?

A) dual labour market theory
B) bilateral labour theory
C) human capital theory
D) occupational segregation theory

Question 11

What is the name of the economic theory which places particular emphasis on people's education, training, and experience?

A) dual labour market theory
B) bilateral labour theory
C) human capital theory
D) occupational segregation theory

Question 12

In what profession do women earn within 5% of what men earn?

A) non-unionized teaching positions
B) unionized teaching positions
C) law firms
D) social work

Question 13

What is the term that denotes the secondary sector clerical jobs where so many women work?

A) pink collar ghetto
B) segregated occupational realm
C) glass ceiling
D) human capital ghetto

Question 14

What is the term for the pattern of segregation that is based on hierarchies within an organization?

A) bilateral segregation
B) horizontal segregation
C) vertical segregation
D) ghettoized labour segregation

Question 15

The invisible barrier keeping women from being promoted into the upper ranks of an organization is widely referred to as the __________.

A) glass escalator
B) glass elevator
C) glass ceiling
D) iron cage

Question 16

Rosabeth Kanter (1977) uses this concept to refer to the workplace dynamics involved in experiencing different treatment from the majority of employees due to one minority position.

A) hostile work dynamics
B) token dynamics
C) chilly climate
D) human capital

Question 17

Rosabeth Kanter's research (1977) suggests that two of the unique challenges faced by women when they break through the glass ceiling are (1) intensified performance pressure and (2) ____________.

A) sexual objectification
B) marginalization
C) covert harassment
D) bullying

Question 18

In Canada, this broad notion refers to equal pay for work of equal value.

A) pay equity
B) pay equality
C) workplace amenity
D) affirmative action

Question 19

The alternative career path proposed in large law firms for female workers who are challenged by competing demands of work and family is popularly known as the ________.

A) discrimination track
B) mommy track
C) inequity track
D) two-tiered track

Question 20

What is the term for the domestic work that women often do after a full day on the job?

A) second shift
B) double jeopardy
C) subordinated labour time
D) unpaid shift

Question 21

What does it mean to say that masculinity has itself been "transformed into an unhealthy proposition"?

Question 22

What is the earnings ratio of women to men and what significance does this have?

Question 23

In the dual labour market theory, what is the difference between primary and secondary sector jobs?

Question 24

In her research on gender and work, what does Kanter (1977) mean by "token dynamics"?

Question 25

What is the general relationship between women and volunteer work, as discussed by Mellow?

Question 26

Develop an essay in which you use a multi-dimensional gender analysis to examine a particular job/profession you intend to enter into (or have at some point in your life considered entering into). To what extent can you expect gender to influence your chances (for better or for worse)?

Question 27

"I can be whatever I want to be!" Based upon the structural dimensions of gender inequality in the workplace, to what extent would you say this is true? Write an essay which addresses this question, drawing upon chapter twelve throughout your analysis.

Question 28

Write an essay which explores the gendered division of labour in contemporary Canadian society, using your own family as an example (whether or not it supports or challenges general patterns).