Question 1

Which of the following terms is defined as the maintenance of an environment of body functions within a certain range (e.g., temperature, blood pressure)?&#10;A) Apoptosis&#10;B) Homeorhesis&#10;C) Homeostasis&#10;D) Osmosis

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the process by which living organisms regulate their internal environment to maintain stable, optimal conditions, such as temperature and blood pressure, despite external changes.

Question 2

Alcohol, a psychoactive drug, inhibits the release of the antidiuretic hormone ________, which causes an increase in the excretion of urine.&#10;A) serotonin&#10;B) dopamine&#10;C) endorphin&#10;D) vasopressin

Accepted Answer

Alcohol inhibits the release of vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone), which leads to an increase in urine production because the kidneys do not reabsorb as much water, resulting in more water being excreted.

Question 3

Which of the following is the function of the blood-brain barrier created by glia in the brain?&#10;A) It is an important link between the brain and the hormonal output of the pituitary gland.&#10;B) It opens the bronchi, reduces blood supply to the skin, increases the heart rate, and reduces stomach motility.&#10;C) It regulates the visceral, or involuntary, functions of the body, such as heart rate and blood pressure.&#10;D) It protects the brain from potentially toxic chemicals circulating in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier, created by glial cells in the brain, serves to protect the brain from potentially harmful chemicals circulating in the bloodstream, while allowing essential nutrients to pass through.

Question 4

Which of the following systems in the human brain tends to act more as a unit and is responsible to open the bronchi, reduces blood supply to the skin, increases the heart rate, and reduces stomach motility?

A) The lymphatic system
B) The sympathetic system
C) The limbic system
D) The enteric nervous system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic system is part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for physical activity by opening the bronchi, reducing blood supply to the skin, increasing the heart rate, and reducing stomach motility, among other functions. This is often referred to as the "fight or flight" response.

Question 5

Which of the following regions is located in the medulla oblongata in the brain and is important for triggering nausea and vomiting?&#10;A) The area postrema&#10;B) The choroid plexus&#10;C) The posterolateral sulcus&#10;D) The tuberculum cinereum

Accepted Answer

The area postrema, located in the medulla oblongata, has a critical role in detecting toxins in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, which triggers the vomiting reflex to expel these harmful substances.

Question 6

A(n) ________ is defined as a mechanism in a nerve terminal membrane that is responsible for removing neurotransmitter molecules from the synapse by taking them back into the neuron.&#10;A) interoceptor&#10;B) receptor&#10;C) transporter&#10;D) nociceptor

Accepted Answer

A transporter in the context of nerve terminal membranes is responsible for the reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft back into the neuron, thereby clearing the synapse of neurotransmitter molecules and terminating the signal transmission.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of the functional imaging technique called the positron emission tomography (PET)?&#10;A) It measures the blood oxygen level dependent signal, which can then be used to create a colored statistical map of brain regions active during task activity.&#10;B) It is noninvasive and does not require the injection of radioactive chemicals into the bloodstream.&#10;C) It gives real-time information about changes in brain blood flow and provides an indirect measure of neuron activity in specific brain regions.&#10;D) It provides one with a direct measure of brain activity and an indirect measure of potential toxicity to specific neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Deck 4: The Nervous System