Deck 10: Parenting and Reproductive Issues

Question 1

In contemporary times, one of the reasons for becoming a parent is that children:

A) Have great economic value
B) Are materially valuable
C) Provide support to their parents in old age
D) Help the parents achieve adult status

Answer 1

Help the parents achieve adult status

Question 2

The question of whether the "maternal instinct" is an innate biological drive or a learned behavior stems from the __________controversy:

A) Continuous/discontinuous development
B) Nature/nurture
C) One pattern of growth/many patterns of growth
D) Double bind

Answer 2

Nature/nurture

Question 3

_____________can not be explained by evolutionary theory.

A) Infanticide by parents
B) Economic security for parents
C) Social support for new parents
D) Psychological support for parents

Answer 3

Infanticide by parents

Question 4

Lober notes that an important factor in mother-child bonding is:

A) The family structure at the time of the child birth
B) The number of siblings in the family
C) The social worth of both mother and child
D) The availability of the father in the family structure

Question 5

The level of abandonment, neglect, and murder of infants, compared to past history:

A) Has increased throughout history
B) Has decreased throughout history
C) Has stayed consistent over the years
D) Cannot be compared, since we do not have relevant historical information

Question 6

What is wrong with Freud's views when he postulates that women want to bear a male child as a penis substitute?

A) Women seek more fulfillment though their sons after they are older
B) Women do not prefer sons to daughters
C) Women prefer sons to daughters for economic reasons
D) Women report they want to prevent their daughters from acquiring penis envy

Question 7

In most societies mothers are the primary caregivers of children. When fathers are the primary caregivers, they

A) Experience less intimacy with their children
B) Exhibit more stereotypically male characteristics
C) Tend to commit more abuse and neglect
D) Exhibit more stereotypically female characteristics

Question 8

One of the limitations of instinct theories, which state that all women are innately motivated to bear children, is:

A) Women without children are happier than those with children
B) Women with children are happier than those without children
C) When women have the right to choose, they choose to have children
D) Women value the social worth of the child

Question 9

One of the reasons girls have an advantage over boys in relationships is that girls:

A) Are raised in a more constrained environment
B) Have greater ability to learn and follow rules
C) Do not have to distance themselves from their caregivers
D) Are less physically active

Question 10

"In order to be a 'real woman,' you must have children." This idea is known as the:

A) Woman mystique
B) Enforcement of motherhood
C) Woman mandate
D) All of the above

Question 11

One of the ways motherhood is romanticized, regulated, and devalued in contemporary Western society is through the:

A) Woman mystique
B) Enforcement of motherhood
C) Woman mandate
D) None of the above

Question 12

The myth of motherhood survives due to

A) Low economical status
B) Uncompensated work of mothering
C) Bad parenting by fathers
D) The patriarchy system that insists only women can be loving and nurturing enough to raise a child

Question 13

Which is not a myth of motherhood?

A) The woman regularly subordinates her personal goals to the children's and family's needs
B) Motherhood is uniquely joyous and fulfilling for women
C) Women are invariably kind, unselfish and loving mothers
D) Mothers have better relations with their children than fathers

Question 14

Terms applied to child-free women, such as barren and childless, reflect the impact of:

A) The motherhood mandate
B) The feminist movement
C) Mystifying motherhood
D) Marianismo

Question 15

The motherhood mystique refers to:

A) Mothers who fall short of the ideal
B) Women who choose to remain child-free
C) The idealized images of motherhood culled from religion, myths, and fairy tales
D) The secrets women hold about motherhood

Question 16

Most investigators of pregnancy have identified a series of four stages as the major tasks of pregnancy. In the first stage, the mother:

A) Incorporates and accepts the fetus
B) Forms an attachment to the fetus
C) Becomes preoccupied with herself
D) Differentiates and separates from the fetus

Question 17

Women show different reactions to pregnancy due to:

A) Cultural and family background
B) Psychological makeup and physical circumstances
C) Social and relational contexts
D) All of the above

Question 18

Postpartum experience denotes a period of time of:

A) The first 24 hours after birth
B) The first three months after birth
C) The first day to the first year after birth
D) One week to six months after birth

Question 19

During the third stage of postpartum development:

A) Some of the chaos and uncertainty subside and mothers feel more relaxed
B) Mothers learn to adjust to life with their baby, with the main stressor being fatigue due to nights of interrupted sleep
C) Disappointment or ambivalence about many aspects of parenting appear
D) Most mothers suffer from the "baby blues"

Question 20

______________is the only industrialized country in the world where abortion is only permitted to save the woman's life, and some countries, most notably________________ , do not permit abortion under any circumstances.

A) Chili; England
B) England; Chile
C) Ireland; Chile
D) Chile; Ireland

Question 21

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of parenting?

Question 22

Describe evidence of the "motherhood mystique" in our society, and give examples.

Question 23

Discuss some of the elements that might influence the notion of "enforcing motherhood."

Question 24

Describe the four stages of pregnancy that most investigators have identified.

Question 25

Discuss the notions of the "ideal mother" and the "bad mother."