Deck 5: Volcanoes

Question 1

Which of the following choices is an example of a primary volcanic hazard?

A) tsunami
B) lahars
C) pumice falls
D) long-term volcanic degassing
E) severe weather conditions

Answer 1

pumice falls

Question 2

What does viscosity mean?

A) It refers to a temperature gradient in a liquid.
B) It is a measure of flexibility of a solid.
C) It refers to how brittle a solid substance is.
D) It has to do with the resistance of a fluid to flow.
E) It is a measure of the volume of pore space in a volcanic rock

Answer 2

It has to do with the resistance of a fluid to flow.

Question 3

What does VEI stand for?

A) Volcanological Equipment Incorporated
B) Virtual Earth Interferometry
C) Volcanic Explosivity Index
D) Vanity Engenders Insecurity
E) Volcanic Engineering Institute

Answer 3

Volcanic Explosivity Index

Question 4

What is believed to be the source of continental flood basalt eruptions?

A) higher than normal subduction rates
B) earthquakes
C) exceptionally large Earth tides
D) mantle plumes
E) sunspots

Question 5

What is another name for a stratovolcano?

A) a cinder cone
B) a composite cone
C) a waffle cone
D) a dome
E) a shield volcano

Question 6

What type of volcano is made up of alternating layers of ash, cinder, and lava?

A) a cinder cone
B) a composite volcano
C) a cone of depression
D) a dome
E) a shield volcano

Question 7

What is a large circular or elliptical depression at the summit of a volcano resulting from collapse called?

A) a caldera
B) a rift valley
C) a crater
D) a volcanic vent
E) a blow hole

Question 8

The majestic snow-covered peaks on the landward side of a subduction zone are usually what type of volcano?

A) cinder cones
B) composite volcanoes
C) basaltic plateaus
D) domes
E) shield volcanoes

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a secondary volcanic hazard?

A) lava flows
B) pyroclastic flows
C) ash falls
D) volcanic gases
E) lahars

Question 10

What is the French translation for the term nuée ardente?

A) "Run for you lives!"
B) "Every person beware!"
C) "We're toast!"
D) "Watch out. She's gonna erupt!"
E) "Glowing cloud"

Question 11

Saint Pierre on the Caribbean Island of Martinique was destroyed by which of the following?

A) ash and pumice falls
B) flowing lava
C) pyroclastic density currents
D) poisonous gasses
E) a tsunami

Question 12

Which of the following types of eruptions are considered effusive?

A) Plinian eruptions
B) Domes and coulees
C) Stombolian eruptions
D) Vulcanian eruptions
E) Hawaiian eruptions

Question 13

Which volcanic hazard was responsible for most of the deaths from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa volcano, Indonesia?

A) lava flows
B) lahars
C) pyroclastic density currents
D) tsunamis
E) volcanic landslide

Question 14

What does the dust veil index (DVI) refer to?

A) a way of classifying dust storms
B) a way of relating a specific eruption to its impact on climate
C) a way of measuring the severity of air pollution
D) the rate at which the earth is drying out
E) one of the factors considered in global warming studies

Question 15

What is a volcano called that has not erupted in living memory but shows evidence of having erupted within the past few thousand years?

A) dormant
B) extinct
C) inactive
D) active
E) a high risk volcano

Question 16

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Ancient volcanic calderas are a particularly rich source of important metallic ores like copper, nickel, zinc, lead, and silver BECAUSE these dense heavy metals get left behind when the caldera explodes.

A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

Question 17

Which of the common volcanic landforms is the largest in size?

A) shield volcano
B) composite volcano
C) cinder cone
D) volcanic dome
E) coulee

Question 18

Based on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) which of the following volcanic eruptions had the weakest explosivity?

A) Kilauea, Hawaii
B) Mount St. Helens, Washington
C) Crater Lake, Oregon
D) Lassen Peak, California
E) Yellowstone, Wyoming

Question 19

What type of tectonic setting is responsible for New Zealand's Taupo Volcanic Zone?

A) Oceanic Hot Spot
B) Continental Hot Spot
C) Oceanic-Continental Subduction Zone
D) Oceanic-Oceanic Subduction Zone
E) Mid-ocean Ridge

Question 20

Which of the following methods is NOT useful in forecasting the probability of a volcanic eruption?

A) swelling measured by tilt-meters or satellite interferometry
B) earthquakes measured by seismometers
C) changes in Earth's gravity field measured by gravimeters
D) changes in the composition of fumarole gas measured by a gas chromatograph
E) reversals in the local magnetic field measure by magnetometers

Question 21

Volcanoes that have a time between eruptions of 1,000 years or greater always have a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5 or greater.

Question 22

The Pacific Ring of Fire includes two-thirds of the world's active volcanoes.

Question 23

Volcanic ash is able to supply all the nutrients that crops need.

Question 24

Volcanic activity always results in a loss of biodiversity due to habitat destruction.

Question 25

Volcanic damage to jetliners is extremely rare (less than once per decade) because volcanic ash rarely makes it above 19,000 meters (30,000 feet), where passenger jets fly.

Question 26

Volcanism at convergent plate boundaries is due to decompression melting..

Question 27

Most magma rises until it reaches a depth at which its density matches that of the enclosing lithosphere.

Question 28

Some magmatic volatiles are among the strongest natural acids known.

Question 29

Basaltic eruptions are almost entirely extrusive.

Question 30

Hawaiian-style eruptions only occur in Hawaii and other Pacific Islands.

Question 31

We can credit volcanoes for our oceans and atmosphere.

Question 32

The presence of pillow laveas is strong evidence that the eruption happened under water (submarine).

Question 33

The difference between a Hawaiian style eruption and a Strombolian style eruption is the composition of the magma.

Question 34

Vulcanian eruptions are generally far larger and more dangerous than Hawaiian or Strombolian eruptions.

Question 35

Plinian eruptions are so explosive they can impact the upper atmosphere.

Question 36

In the world today, there are many more extinct volcanoes than dormant and active ones.

Question 37

Historical evidence indicates that Lahars are the most destructive of volcanic phenomena.

Question 38

Over 90% of active volcanoes are related to present-day plate-boundary interactions.

Question 39

Most volcanic degassing occurs during the volcano's peak eruptive activity.

Question 40

The term active volcano means that the volcano is presently in a state of eruption.

Question 41

Why might the Pacific Ring of Fire be more appropriately called the "Horse Shoe of Fire"?

Question 42

What are some of the useful products humans obtain from volcanoes?

Question 43

What is VEI?

Question 44

What is the difference between primary and secondary volcanic hazards?

Question 45

What was the main cause of death in the Tambora, Indonesia, eruption of 1815?

Question 46

How can certain composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes) become significantly life-threatening without actually erupting or by undergoing only a minor eruptive event local to its summit?

Question 47

Is there a typical volcano type that is associated with hot spots?

Question 48

Is there a typical volcano type that is associated with subduction at continent-ocean convergent plate boundaries?

Question 49

Based upon the lava flow hazards map issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, where would you be least likely to be affected by a lava flow on the island of Hawaii? Why is this?

Question 50

What was the source of the CO₂ that suffocated 1700 people in Cameroon, West Africa, in 1986?