Deck 20: Heart Failure

Question 1

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is more prevalent in men than women

A) Before age 50
B) After age 50
C) At all time periods
D) None of the above

Answer 1

Before age 50

Question 2

What organs, aside from the heart, are primarily affected by heart failure?

A) Lungs and brain
B) Lungs and liver
C) Kidneys and liver
D) Kidneys and lungs

Answer 2

Kidneys and liver

Question 3

Which is the primary pumping chamber of the heart?

A) Right atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle

Answer 3

Left ventricle

Question 4

Diastolic heart failure is characterized by

A) Activation of neurohormonal pathways that result in increased circulating blood volume
B) Loss of the ability for the muscle in the left ventricle to relax
C) An increase in ejection fraction
D) Loss of the ability to push adequate amounts of blood into circulation

Question 5

Dyspnea that occurs when lying down is known as

A) Apnea
B) Orthopnea
C) Bendopnea
D) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 6

Right-sided heart failure, or cor pulmonale, is commonly caused by

A) Diabetes
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Stroke
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 7

Which of the following is a lifestyle factor that increases a person's risk of developing heart disease?

A) Obesity
B) Diabetes
C) Low-sodium diet
D) Age

Question 8

Coronary heart disease can lead to heart failure due to which process?

A) Myocardial damage to the left ventricle, which decreases the heart's ability to pump blood
B) Myocardial damage to the left ventricle, which decreases the heart's ability to fill with blood
C) Pericardial damage to the left ventricle, which decreases the heart's ability to pump blood
D) Pericardial damage to the left ventricle, which decreases the heart's ability to fill with blood

Question 9

Which heart arrhythmia is most commonly caused by high alcohol intake?

A) Atrial flutter
B) Atrial fibrillation
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Ventricular fibrillation

Question 10

Increasing age is a risk factor for developing heart failure. Which of the following is a physiological change in the heart associated with aging?

A) Fibrous tissue and fat deposits in the SA node
B) Atrophy of heart muscle
C) Thickening of the heart wall
D) All of the above

Question 11

When educating a patient and their family about home management of heart failure (HF), what instruction should the nurse practitioner include?

A) The patient should be weighed weekly.
B) Assess the patient for peripheral edema.
C) The patient should wear a CPAP while sleeping.
D) Blood pressure does not need to be monitored at home.

Question 12

Which class of medication is the first line for treating heart failure?

A) Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
B) Aldosterone receptor antagonists
C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
D) Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Question 13

Which class of medication sometimes causes luminous phenomena, in which there is enhanced brightness of images?

A) Digoxin
B) Loop diuretics
C) Beta blockers
D) I(_f) current inhibitors

Question 14

Which Heart Failure Classification should be assigned to a patient who experiences fatigue, palpitation, and/or dyspnea with minimal activity, but is comfortable at rest and shows objective evidence of moderate cardiovascular disease?

A) IIB
B) IIC
C) IIIB
D) IIIC

Question 15

When referring to Case Study 5 (Geriatric): Osteoporosis, the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan provides a result called a T-score. The T-score represents

A) A comparison between the individual's bone mineral density (BMD) now and their BMD 5 years ago
B) A comparison between the individual's bone mineral density (BMD) and the mean score of a healthy 30-year-old female
C) A comparison between the individual's spinal curvature now and their spinal curvature 5 years ago
D) A comparison between the individual's spinal curvature now and the mean score of a healthy 30-year-old female