Question 1

Which term is defined as the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus with or without regurgitation and/or vomiting?&#10;A) Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)&#10;B) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)&#10;C) Barrett's esophagus&#10;D) Erosive esophagitis

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is defined as the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus with or without regurgitation and/ or vomiting.

Question 2

When GER leads to troublesome symptoms that affect the functioning and/or create complications, this is known as&#10;A) Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)&#10;B) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)&#10;C) Barrett's esophagus&#10;D) Erosive esophagitis

Accepted Answer

In gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroesophageal reflux (GER) leads to certain symptoms that affect the functioning and/or create complications. It is important to establish the difference between GERD and GER in children, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AA). Children diagnosed with GERD require further evaluation and more treatment over time, whereas GER can be treated over time with specific management.

Question 3

Which structure is composed of fibrous muscles that connect the mouth with the stomach?&#10;A) Pharynx&#10;B) Esophagus&#10;C) Epiglottis&#10;D) Tongue

Accepted Answer

The esophagus is composed of fibrous muscles that connect the mouth with the stomach. In adults, the esophagus is 12 inches long; in children, the esophagus starts at about 2 inches and grows into adult size by 18 years old.

Question 4

Where is the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) located?&#10;A) Between the upper part of the esophagus&#10;B) Between the pharynx and the larynx&#10;C) Between the esophagus and stomach&#10;D) Between the tongue and the stomach

Accepted Answer

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is located between the esophagus and the stomach and surrounds the lower part of the esophagus, also known as the cardiac sphincter.

Question 5

The esophageal muscle is innervated by which nerve?&#10;A) Vagal&#10;B) Vagus&#10;C) Recurrent laryngeal nerve&#10;D) Thoracic chain

Accepted Answer

The esophageal muscle, which is rich in blood supply, consists of both smooth and striated muscle fibers. These muscle fibers are innervated by lower motor neurons by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves consisting of the vagus nerve.

Question 6

In digestion, how is food moved down the esophagus to the stomach?&#10;A) Rhythmic contractions&#10;B) Chewing&#10;C) Swallowing&#10;D) Regurgitation

Accepted Answer

During digestion, food is propelled down the esophagus by peristaltic movements or rhythmic contractions through the stomach. Food that is in the mouth is responsible for these peristaltic movements.

Question 7

In infants, what percentage of regurgitation, a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), occurs?&#10;A) 80%&#10;B) 70%&#10;C) 60%&#10;D) 50%

Accepted Answer

In infants, regurgitation is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). This occurs in 50% of infants, along with irritability and pain.

Question 8

Which condition is defined as damage to the esophageal lining due to stomach acid?&#10;A) Barrett's esophagus&#10;B) Erosive esophagitis&#10;C) Regurgitation&#10;D) Esophagitis

Accepted Answer

Esophagitis is a condition in which the esophageal lining is damaged due to stomach acid. The damage could cause inflammation, bleeding, and even ulceration.

Question 9

Which condition is a serious complication of GERD that occurs when damaged esophageal cells become cancerous?&#10;A) Barrett's esophagus&#10;B) Erosive esophagitis&#10;C) Regurgitation&#10;D) Esophagitis

Accepted Answer

Barrett's esophagus is a serious complication caused by GERD. This complication occurs when damaged esophageal cells become cancerous.

Question 10

Which is not a typical GERD symptom in infants?&#10;A) Vomiting&#10;B) Poor weight gain&#10;C) Constipation&#10;D) Crying

Accepted Answer

Typical GERD symptoms in infants include regurgitation, poor weight gain, vomiting, crying, irritability, and food refusal. Constipation is not a symptom in infants with GERD.

Question 11

In toddlers and preschoolers with GERD, which one of these is not a nonspecific symptom?&#10;A) Wheezing&#10;B) Heartburn&#10;C) Regurgitation&#10;D) Diarrhea

Accepted Answer

The answer of In toddlers and preschoolers with GERD, which...

Question 12

When auscultating and palpitating a child during an assessment, at a minimum how long should each quadrant be auscultated?&#10;A) 5 minutes&#10;B) 4 minutes&#10;C) 3 minutes&#10;D) 2 minutes

Accepted Answer

The answer of When auscultating and palpitating a child during...

Question 13

What procedure uses x-ray imaging to examine the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract?&#10;A) Colonoscopy&#10;B) Lower GI series&#10;C) Upper GI series (barium swallow)&#10;D) MRI

Accepted Answer

The answer of What procedure uses x-ray imaging to examine...

Question 14

Which diagnostic test detects the movement of fluids (acidic and nonacidic), solids, and air in the esophagus, which includes volume, speed, and physical length of esophageal boluses?&#10;A) MRI&#10;B) Multiple intraluminal impedance (MII)&#10;C) Colonoscopy&#10;D) Lower GI

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which diagnostic test detects the movement of...

Deck 16: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease