Deck 11: Congenital Heart Disease

Question 1

The structure of the fetal heart that guides fetal blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta is the

A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Ductus venosus
C) Foramen ovale
D) Ventricular septum

Answer 1

Ductus arteriosus

Question 2

The type of congenital heart disease (CHD) that is less threatening at birth and may not be detected on maternal prenatal assessment is

A) Cyanotic
B) Acyanotic
C) Patent ductus arteriosus
D) Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 2

Acyanotic

Question 3

A newborn's lungs and pulmonary system begin to exchange gases:

A) At 20 weeks' gestation
B) At 35 weeks' gestation
C) At birth
D) 1 hour after birth

Answer 3

At birth

Question 4

The permanent left-to-right circulation pattern needed for newborns to breathe on their own is established by which circulation changes?

A) Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases, pulmonary blood flow increases, left atrial volume and pressures increase, and right atrial pressures decrease.
B) Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases, pulmonary blood flow decreases, left atrial volume and pressures increase, and right atrial pressures decrease.
C) Pulmonary vascular resistance increases, pulmonary blood flow increases, left atrial volume and pressures decrease, and right atrial pressures increase.
D) Pulmonary vascular resistance increases, pulmonary blood flow decreases, left atrial volume and pressures decrease, and right atrial pressures increase.

Question 5

Apgar assessments and scoring should be performed

A) At 1 and 2 minutes of life and up to 5 and 10 minutes if initial scores are low
B) At 1 and 2 minutes of life and up to 5 and 10 minutes if initial scores are high
C) At 1 and 5 minutes of life and up to 10 and 20 minutes if initial scores are low
D) At 1 and 5 minutes of life and up to 10 and 20 minutes if initial scores are high

Question 6

The landmark located at the third intercostal space midclavicular line where the heart rate and rhythm should be assessed for at least 1 minute is known as

A) Erb's point
B) Pulmonic point
C) Mitral point
D) Point of maximal impulse (PMI)

Question 7

Which of the following oxygen saturation screening findings in a newborn would require a referral to a pediatric cardiologist?

A) Right hand 98%, Right foot 98%
B) Right hand 99%, Right foot 96%
C) Right hand 96%, Right foot 96%
D) Right hand 100%, Right foot 96%

Question 8

Which is an appropriate nutrition recommendation for a newborn with congenital heart disease?

A) The newborn should only be breastfed.
B) The newborn should only be formula fed.
C) The newborn should have more frequent, smaller-volume feedings.
D) The newborn should not have breastmilk or formula that is fortified.

Question 9

Prostaglandin therapy (PgE2) may be administered to stabilize a newborn with congenital cardiac defects by

A) Maintaining the patency of the ductus arteriosus
B) Maintaining the patency of the ductus venosus
C) Relaxing blood vessels in the lungs
D) Constricting blood vessels in the lungs

Question 10

The procedure in which a catheter is placed in the heart and a contrast dye is injected to highlight any abnormalities present is called

A) Cardiac catheterization
B) Myocardial biopsy
C) Closed heart surgery
D) Angiography

Question 11

Cardiac defects that can be repaired using closure devices include:

A) Atrial septal defects
B) Patent foramen ovale
C) Patent ductus arteriosus
D) All of the above

Question 12

In a newborn with tricuspid atresia, the abnormal blood flow would occur

A) From the left atrium to the right atrium
B) From the left atrium to the left ventricle
C) From the right atrium to the right ventricle
D) From the left ventricle to the right ventricle

Question 13

Cyanosis, heart failure, arrhythmias, fatigue, and edema are symptoms associated with

A) Pulmonary atresia
B) Ebstein's anomaly
C) Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
D) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Question 14

The congenital defect that may be auscultated as a systolic murmur with an S3 is

A) Patent ductus arteriosus
B) Coarctation of aorta
C) Atrial septal defect
D) Ventricular septal defect

Question 15

When reviewing Case Study 3: Newborn Nutrition, which is often the initial symptom of volvulus in a newborn?

A) Lethargy
B) Drawing up the legs as if in pain
C) Elevation in heart rate
D) Bilious vomiting