Deck 3: The Message: The Role of International Organizations

Question 1

The UNESCO constitution states: "since wars begin in the _________________ of men, it is in the _________________ of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed."

A) Boardrooms
B) Governments
C) Minds
D) Hearts
E) None of the above

Answer 1

Minds

Question 2

UNESCO originated in which country?

A) United States
B) Switzerland
C) United Kingdom
D) France
E) USSR

Answer 2

United Kingdom

Question 3

Which of the below is not true?

A) UNESCO began in the 1960s
B) UNESCO's budget is drawn from a levy imposed on each member state
C) UNESCO's General Assembly meets every two years
D) UNESCO is based in Paris
E) All of the above are true

Answer 3

UNESCO began in the 1960s

Question 4

Throughout its existence, UNESCO has had some critics. A flashpoint occurred in the mid-1970s when a decision was made that excluded which country from the European regional grouping?

A) Iran
B) France
C) Israel
D) South Africa
E) The Soviet Union

Question 5

The UNESCO debate in the 1970s resulted in:

A) Increased documentation and greater awareness of the one-way flow of media messages from core to peripheral nations
B) Regional meetings of experts to discuss national communication policies . Key early meetings were held in Latin America
C) A resolution acknowledging both the right and responsibility of national governments to control the media messages available to their citizens; the resolution failed to pass
D) New international requirements for satellite broadcasters, which passed with 100 votes
E) All of the above

Question 6

One issue that was resolved during the official UNESCO debate in 1970 was related to the rapid development of direct broadcast satellite (DBS) technology. What was the issue with DBS technology?

A) Signals could easily circumvent local restrictions and transmit foreign messages
B) Signals could jam other circuits, thus causing the messaging system to shut down
C) Signals could become crossed, preventing the dissemination of information
D) Signals could lose connectivity because of the satellite-based technology
E) None of the above

Question 7

A new pressure group emerged during the non-aligned movement. During a summit meeting in 1973, participating nations acknowledged their desire to develop a unique foreign-policy stance independent of both the United States and:

A) Europe
B) China
C) USSR
D) Israel
E) United Kingdom

Question 8

The New International Economic Order (NIEO) was not based on which of the following values:

A) Sovereign equality
B) Cooperation
C) Interdependence
D) Common interest
E) All of the above are values of NIEO

Question 9

During the 1970s, which organization quickly became a model for peripheral nationals to emulate in hopes of obtaining the economic concessions and achieving the financial growth that had escaped them?

A) Organization of Gem Exporting Countries
B) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
C) Organization of Auto Exporting Countries
D) Organization of Fashion Exporting Countries
E) Organization of the Fair Trade Movement

Question 10

UNESCO's negative image during the 1970s was a result of what?

A) A negative assessment of its parent organization, the United Nations
B) Negative press from Western nations
C) A shift from a passive pro-Western agency to an active pro-development and peripheral oriented agency
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 11

In 1978, M'Bow, Director-General of the General Assembly, announced the framework for UNESCO's future agenda. For many Western delegates, the issue boiled down to one of:

A) Washington control over the mass media
B) State control over the mass media
C) Corporate control over the mass media
D) UNESCO's control over the mass media
E) None of the above

Question 12

Director-General Mayor worked hard to promote the new communication strategies of UNESCO. His activities and comments were directed toward persuading two audiences. These two audiences were the United States and:

A) Non-UNESCO members
B) Current UNESCO members
C) Satellite providers
D) The international communications industry
E) All of the above

Question 13

What is the title of the new unit within UNESCO that was created by Director-General Mayor in the 1990s?

A) Freedom of Expression and Democracy
B) Freedom of Government Regulations
C) Freedom of Privatized Media
D) Freedom of Media Constraints
E) None of the above

Question 14

Under which president did the United States return to UNESCO?

A) Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
B) George H . W . Bush
C) Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
D) George W . Bush (2001-2009)
E) Barack Obama (2009-present)

Question 15

The World Information Report, produced in the late-1990s by UNESCO, includes which of the following?

A) Descriptions of information services in individual countries and regions
B) A detailing of the infrastructure for information industries with a focus on technological issues
C) A discussion of issues and trends, such as information highways, copyright matters and economic implications
D) A chapter outlining the necessity for international cooperation in order to ensure access for all
E) All of the above

Question 16

In October 1999, two major events occurred in UNESCO. One event was concerned with allegations of cronyism and mismanagement. The second event led to the election of a new Director-General. Who was elected as the new Director-General?

A) Federico Mayor
B) Olaf Jung
C) Mary Sinclair
D) Koichiro Matsuura
E) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the below is not a characteristic of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions?

A) It seeks to affirm the rights of nations to set their own cultural policies
B) It seeks to recognize that culture is linked to identity, values, and concept of self
C) It acknowledges culture as an important commercial good
D) It covers five related activities, including creation, production, distribution, access to, and enjoyment of cultural expressions and activities
E) It seeks to protect the diversity of languages and the uniqueness of indigenous languages

Question 18

The World Trade Organization would not like to reduce which of the following?

A) Quotas
B) Grants
C) Subsidies
D) License fees
E) Copyright protections

Question 19

Besides communication, UNESCO is also concerned with which of the following areas?

A) Literacy and education
B) International security
C) Scientific and environmental topics
D) Both A and B
E) Both A and C

Question 20

A small group of academics and journalists around the world continue to promote the aims of NWICO under the banner of the:

A) Group of 77
B) MacBride Round Table
C) NWICO Loyalists
D) UNESCO 50
E) None of the above

Question 21

The role of electronic media in the United States is to inform, educate and entertain.

Question 22

Deregulation leads to a natural expansion and growth of native media outlets in non-Western countries.

Question 23

More than half the nations in the world still place some restrictions on journalists or media outlets.

Question 24

Decolonization and the expansion of the global communication industry resulted in an increase of access to non-Western culture across the world.

Question 25

Senior positions in UNESCO are exclusively held by delegates from core nations.

Question 26

The one-country-one-vote procedure that governs UNESCO has provided the peripheral nations with a voice and power.

Question 27

The decision of UNESCO in the 1970s to hold regional meetings in peripheral nations and not in the core nations was met with overwhelming approval and marked as a significant step forward in global relations.

Question 28

The 19^th UNESCO General Assembly in Nairobi took place in 1976 and focused on how to promote development through information policies.

Question 29

Over a hundred members of the United Nations from developing countries form a group referred to as the "Group of 77".

Question 30

The real goal of the New International Economic Order was to shift international power from core nations to a loose coalition of peripheral regions, OPEC regions, non-aligned nations and socialist countries.

Question 31

Despite a few disagreements, Western and developing world positions on NWICO were ultimately complementary and easily reconciled.

Question 32

The USSR vehemently opposed the guidelines set forth by NWICO and UNESCO.

Question 33

From 1985 to the fall of the Berlin Wall, the USSR dominated discussions within UNESCO.

Question 34

M'Bow's successor, Frederico Mayor, assumed control of a politically and economically strong UNESCO in 1987.

Question 35

Mayor's policies differed greatly from M'Bow's and marked a shift towards Western values and free press within UNESCO.

Question 36

The International Programme for the Development of Communication, produced in the 1990s by UNESCO, facilitated the founding of free and open press activities in peripheral nations.

Question 37

According to the book, it is unlikely that a Director General of UNESCO will ever be elected from a peripheral or semiperipheral country.

Question 38

According to the book, the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions will likely result in conflict between UNESCO and the World Trade Organization.

Question 39

UNESCO is only minimally involved in the World Summit on the Informational Society.

Question 40

The communication sector of UNESCO receives less than 10 percent of the organization's annual budget, yet generates over 90 percent of its media coverage.

Question 41

Identify and describe the two distinct origins of global media systems.

Question 42

Describe the issues peripheral nations have with regards to Western media.

Question 43

Under the authority of Director-General Mayor, the Windhoek Resolution emerged from the 1991 Namibia conference to promote a pluralistic and free press. Explain two of the five elements of the resolution.

Question 44

Why was the Western core-based press so against NWICO?