Deck 31: The Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

A patient is learning to use crutches on the stairs.Which action indicates that the patient needs further instruction?

A) The patient places the good leg on the step to be climbed first.
B) The patient places the affected leg on the step to be climbed first.
C) The patient places the crutches on the floor and uses a swing-through method to get to the next step.
D) The patient places the crutch on the affected side on the next step first.

Answer 1

The patient places the good leg on the step to be climbed first.

Question 2

The patient's plan of care includes using the continuous passive motion (CPM)machine.Which statement indicates the patient needs for further teaching?

A) "I marched in the Marines for 20 years, and now I'm marching flat on my back!"
B) "My new knee will be glad to rest at night."
C) "I can make my new knee stronger if I reset this thing to go faster and flex my knee more."
D) "I almost wish this CPM ran at night. The motor noise is soothing."

Answer 2

"I can make my new knee stronger if I reset this thing to go faster and flex my knee more."

Question 3

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient.Which age-related factor increases this patient's risk for falls?

A) Multiple lines and tubes
B) Increased postural sway
C) Room clutter
D) Pain medication

Answer 3

Increased postural sway

Question 4

Positioning and range-of-motion (ROM)exercises most help the immobilized patient to prevent which complication?

A) Increased pain
B) Contractures
C) Pressure ulcers
D) Compromised circulation

Question 5

What is the name for the anatomical structure that joins the bones of a joint together?

A) A ligament
B) A tendon
C) A muscle
D) Cartilage

Question 6

When the patient returns to the unit from having had an arthrogram,which intervention should the nurse perform first?

A) Ambulate the patient in the room.
B) Apply ice packs to the knee.
C) Perform passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises.
D) Wrap the knee in an elastic bandage.

Question 7

The nurse is instructing the patient on quadriceps and gluteal muscle exercises.Which instructions should the nurse include?

A) In a supine position, straighten the leg and tense leg muscles while raising heel.
B) Flex the leg and hold it with the hands while pulling the leg back toward the hip.
C) Straighten the legs while raising the head.
D) Flex both legs and perform an abdominal crunch up toward the knees.

Question 8

The nurse encourages the patient to use the four-point crutch gait technique.Which statement indicates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching?

A) "This way of walking takes weight off of one leg."
B) "This way of walking is the most stable gait."
C) "This way of walking mimics normal walking pattern."
D) "This way of walking allows the most rapid pace."

Question 9

The nurse is changing the position of a person with flaccid paralysis.Which action is most important?

A) Change the patient's joint position frequently.
B) Refrain from footboard usage.
C) Only move the patient from side to side, not supine.
D) Refrain from using pillows to keep the patient in place.

Question 10

Which bodily component constantly renews bone?

A) Osteoblasts
B) Stem cells
C) Free circulating calcium ions
D) Combination of phosphorus and vitamin D

Question 11

The physician has prescribed isometric exercises for a patient.For which patient should the nurse question this order?

A) A patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure
B) A patient with uncontrolled diabetes
C) A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI)
D) A patient with resolving epistaxis

Question 12

The nurse uses a visual aid to show the pathologic muscle tone changes that result in footdrop.Which changes should the nurse include?

A) The stretching of calf muscles
B) The stretching of flexor muscles
C) The toes curl downward
D) The thigh muscles contract

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a patient who has had an arthrocentesis.The nurse has completed discharge instructions.Which statement indicates the patient needs further instruction?

A) "I should avoid moving my knee for at least 2 weeks."
B) "The steroids prescribed by my physician will reduce the inflammation in my knee."
C) "Some pain is anticipated."
D) "My elastic bandage will be worn for 2 to 3 days."

Question 14

The nurse adds interventions for range-of-motion (ROM)and isometric exercises for the new patient with a stroke.The nurse's reasoning stems from her awareness that contracture formation may begin with how many days of immobilization?

A) 1 day
B) 2 days
C) 3 days
D) 10 days

Question 15

When preparing a patient for electromyography (EMG),which instructions should the nurse include?

A) Cease smoking for 12 hours before the test.
B) Refrain from caffeine drinks for 3 hours before the test.
C) Take muscle relaxants before the test.
D) Prepare for a lengthy testing time (usually about 2 hours).

Question 16

If muscles are not regularly stretched and contracted,how will the muscles be effected?

A) Muscles will become longer and flexed.
B) Muscles will become fibrosed and spastic.
C) Muscles will become shorter and less elastic.
D) Muscles will become shorter and painful.

Question 17

The nurse is assessing the patient's cane for appropriate length.Which observation affirms that an appropriate cane has been selected?

A) The handgrip is at hip level.
B) The elbow flexes at 45 degrees when weight is placed on the cane.
C) The cane tip is placed touching outside the good foot.
D) The rubber tip has been removed when measuring cane length.

Question 18

How often should range-of-motion (ROM)exercises be performed?

A) Once a day
B) Once in the morning and once in the afternoon
C) Three to four times a day
D) Four to six times a day

Question 19

The nurse is discussing actions that can be taken to best prevent osteoporosis with a patient.Which information should the nurse include?

A) Take an extra calcium supplement.
B) Eat a balanced diet.
C) Exercise throughout life.
D) Increase daily intake of milk products.

Question 20

What does goniometry measure?

A) Bone strength
B) Muscle density
C) Muscle strength
D) Range-of-motion (ROM)

Question 21

Arrange the instructions for a person on crutches to sit down.

Step 3

A)Transfer both crutches to the side of injury.
B)With weight on good leg, reach back, and grasp chair arm.
C)Sit back in chair.
D)Turn slowly and touch backs of legs to seat of chair.
E)Using crutch and chair arm for support, slowly sit on chair.

Question 22

The canal system that runs through the bone and contains the blood and lymph vessels is called the ____________.

Question 23

The nurse is assessing the patient's crutches.Which observation confirms that the crutches are sized correctly?

A) The crutches are the same height as the patient's shoulders.
B) The crutches are approximately 12 inches shorter than the patient's shoulders.
C) The crutches are approximately 16 inches shorter than the patient's height.
D) The crutches are tall enough to allow the patient's arms to be fully extended when walking.

Question 24

Arrange the instructions for a person on crutches to sit down.

Step 4

A)Transfer both crutches to the side of injury.
B)With weight on good leg, reach back, and grasp chair arm.
C)Sit back in chair.
D)Turn slowly and touch backs of legs to seat of chair.
E)Using crutch and chair arm for support, slowly sit on chair.

Question 25

When the nurse plans for the progressive mobilization of a hemiplegic,the nurse will consider the patient's ability to perform which function(s)?

A) Move limbs
B) Change position in bed independently
C) Transfer self from bed to chair
D) Perform all activities of daily living (ADLs) independently
E) Walk

Question 26

A patient at risk for the development of osteoporosis has reported plans to increase calcium intake.Which meal choice is most appropriate for this patient?

A) Grilled salmon, green beans, and milk
B) Hamburger patty on a wheat bun, baked chips, and milk
C) Grilled chicken breast, tossed salad, and fruit punch
D) Bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich on whole-grain bread, orange slices, and milk

Question 27

Arrange the instructions for a person on crutches to sit down.

Step 5

A)Transfer both crutches to the side of injury.
B)With weight on good leg, reach back, and grasp chair arm.
C)Sit back in chair.
D)Turn slowly and touch backs of legs to seat of chair.
E)Using crutch and chair arm for support, slowly sit on chair.

Question 28

Arrange the instructions for a person on crutches to sit down.

Step 2

A)Transfer both crutches to the side of injury.
B)With weight on good leg, reach back, and grasp chair arm.
C)Sit back in chair.
D)Turn slowly and touch backs of legs to seat of chair.
E)Using crutch and chair arm for support, slowly sit on chair.

Question 29

When a joint is obliterated by bony overgrowth,the joint is said to be _________.

Question 30

Arrange the instructions for a person on crutches to sit down.

Step 1

A)Transfer both crutches to the side of injury.
B)With weight on good leg, reach back, and grasp chair arm.
C)Sit back in chair.
D)Turn slowly and touch backs of legs to seat of chair.
E)Using crutch and chair arm for support, slowly sit on chair.

Question 31

Which component(s)is/are functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A) Motion
B) Fighting of infections
C) Support
D) Protection of organs
E) Body shape

Question 32

Which age-related change(s)occur(s)in the musculoskeletal system?

A) Increased bone density
B) Increased brittleness and fragility of bones
C) Decreased healing times
D) Decreased muscle mass
E) Tendon sclerosis