Deck 14: Toxicology

Question 1

In 2014, the total number of reported exposures to poisons in the United States was more than:

A) 200,000
B) 800,000
C) 1.4 million
D) 2.2 million

Answer 1

2.2 million

Question 2

Safety caps are examples of which type of medication packaging?

A) Chemotherapy
B) Long-term care facility
C) Child-resistant
D) Unit dose

Answer 2

Child-resistant

Question 3

To diagnose and evaluate chronic intoxications, it is very important to analyze:

A) noxious agents
B) preventive agents
C) aversive agents
D) palatable agents

Answer 3

aversive agents

Question 4

The term toxic may be defined as:

A) noxious or painful
B) poisonous or harmful
C) causative or palatable
D) intoxicating or sedating

Question 5

Vomiting is referred to as:

A) effusion
B) perfusion
C) emesis
D) lavage

Question 6

Washing out the stomach with sterile water or a salt-water solution is known as gastric:

A) intubation
B) hemoperfusion
C) dialysis
D) lavage

Question 7

Which type of poisoning causes severe damage to the brain, nerves, red blood cells, and digestive system?

A) alkalies
B) digitalis
C) lead
D) acetaminophen

Question 8

What is performed or administered to remove ingested mercuric salts?

A) intubation and sorbitol
B) emesis and water or milk
C) lavage and activated charcoal
D) chelation and ipecac syrup

Question 9

The most important manifestation of acetaminophen toxicity is:

A) metallic taste
B) hepatic damage
C) abdominal pain
D) bloody diarrhea

Question 10

Death from formaldehyde poisoning is usually caused by:

A) circulatory failure
B) severe diarrhea
C) severe vomiting
D) internal bleeding

Question 11

When a person is seriously poisoned by aspirin or another salicylate, what highly effective procedures may be used to remove the salicylate?

A) gastric lavage and formalin administration
B) esophagoscopy and steroid administration
C) chelation and blood transfusions
D) peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

Question 12

In the United States, there are:

A) 24 poison control centers
B) two poison control centers-located in Illinois and North Carolina
C) more than 600 poison control centers
D) more than 1.900 poison control centers

Question 13

People who study poisons, toxic agents, and the treatments for them are known as:

A) toxinologists
B) poison controllers
C) poisonologists
D) toxicologists

Question 14

Ingestion of just 15 mL of which of the following has caused permanent blindness?

A) atropine
B) methyl alcohol
C) cyanide
D) magnesium sulfate

Question 15

Which potential poison is a natural element present in water and soil that is easily absorbed by the roots of rice plants?

A) toluene
B) digitalis
C) arsenic
D) phosphorus

Question 16

Sodium fluoroacetate is a powerful rodent poison that is a form of which of the following?

A) sodium iodide
B) fluoride
C) edetate calcium disodium
D) cationic detergent

Question 17

Ethylene glycol is a common poison that is found in:

A) photocopier solutions
B) car oil
C) antifreeze
D) ethanol

Question 18

Methanol is very toxic to the human body because it is metabolized into:

A) chloroform
B) ethylene glycol
C) ethanol
D) formaldehyde

Question 19

An abnormal state induced by a chemical agent such as a drug, serum, or toxin is known as:

A) potentiation
B) euphoria
C) intoxication
D) depression

Question 20

Isopropyl alcohol and acetone are both classified as:

A) detergents
B) insecticides
C) CNS depressants
D) petroleum distillates

Question 21

Severe intoxication with opioids is signified by:

A) damage to the brain, nerves, red blood cells, and digestive system
B) hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, coma, and respiratory arrest
C) gastroenteritis, neurologic toxicity, bloody diarrhea, and shock
D) abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Question 22

Which of the following occurs in a red, nonpoisonous form, and a yellow, highly toxic form?

A) phosphorus
B) cocaine
C) opium
D) alkalies

Question 23

The treatment of poisonings with bleach consists of ingesting water or:

A) milk
B) ethyl alcohol
C) benzodiazepines
D) antihistamines

Question 24

Carbon monoxide, which is produced by the exhaust of internal combustion engines, causes the skin and mucous membranes to become:

A) bluish
B) black
C) colorless
D) cherry red

Question 25

Which of the following is the antidote for cyanide?

A) ethanol
B) atropine
C) oxygen
D) amyl nitrate

Question 26

Where do accidental poisonings occur most often?

A) in medical offices
B) at home
C) in industrial environments
D) outside in the environment

Question 27

The preferred treatment for digoxin poisoning is:

A) gastric lavage
B) activated charcoal
C) ipecac syrup
D) water or milk

Question 28

Which of the following is an ingredient present in some types of glue that is sniffed or huffed as a recreational drug?

A) lithium
B) toluene
C) atropine
D) phenol

Question 29

Which of the following are the complications of lithium poisoning?

A) corrosive effects on the GI tract
B) permanent encephalopathy, nystagmus, ataxia, and choreoathetosis
C) permanent brain and kidney damage
D) hyperpnea, pulmonary edema, stupor, and coma

Question 30

The antidote for methanol poisoning is:

A) ethanol
B) flumazenil
C) N-Acetylcysteine
D) atropine