Question 1

Side effects are generally predictable, and their intensity is:&#10;A) dose dependent&#10;B) based on the patient's age&#10;C) based on preexisting conditions&#10;D) based on gender

Accepted Answer

A) Side effects are generally predictable, and their intensity is dose dependent. They are peripheral or secondary effects caused by drugs and other agents. Some side effects develop soon after drug use begins, whereas others may not appear until a drug has been taken for weeks or months.

Question 2

Programmed cell death that allows cells to self-destruct is called:&#10;A) necrosis&#10;B) ascites&#10;C) toxicosis&#10;D) apoptosis

Accepted Answer

D) Programmed cell death that allows cells to self-destruct is called apoptosis. This process involves the activation of specific proteins. It is helpful when the process kills damaged cells but does not harm surrounding tissue. In cancer cells, apoptosis is often inhibited.

Question 3

Unknown mechanisms of action of an adverse effect of a drug are referred to as:&#10;A) overdose&#10;B) idiosyncratic&#10;C) prophylaxis&#10;D) polymorphism

Accepted Answer

B) Unknown mechanisms of action of an adverse effect of a drug are referred to as idiosyncratic. These responses are unpredictable reactions to a drug, and occur rarely.

Question 4

The FDA requires serious or unexpected events to be reported within how many days?&#10;A) 3&#10;B) 7&#10;C) 15&#10;D) 30

Accepted Answer

C) The FDA requires serious or unexpected events to be reported within 15 days of occurrence. During new drug application studies, all adverse events must be reported, regardless of their severity. Additionally, once the drug reaches the market, adverse events of all types must still be reported.

Question 5

Any components inside the body to which drugs bind are called:&#10;A) drug targets&#10;B) pathogens&#10;C) genomes&#10;D) autosomes

Accepted Answer

A) Any components inside the body to which drugs bind are called drug targets. They are also influenced by genetic variations. Also called biological targets, they are often proteins within the body that may be modified by drugs, altering their activities. In most cases, common drug targets are either proteins or nucleic acids. More than 50% of drug targets are G protein-coupled receptors.

Question 6

The interferon lambda-3 enzyme is encoded by the IFNL3 gene, which is linked to which of the following infections?&#10;A) meningitis&#10;B) hepatitis A&#10;C) hepatitis C&#10;D) pancreatitis

Accepted Answer

C) The interferon lambda-3 enzyme is encoded by the INFL3 gene, which is linked to hepatitis C infection. In patients with the favorable genotype, these enzymes have resulted in about double the success rate in curing the condition with proper treatment. This involves pegylated interferon with ribavirin, with our without a protease inhibitor.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of anaphylactic shock?&#10;A) paralysis of the diaphragm&#10;B) hypertension&#10;C) urticaria&#10;D) swelling of the oropharynx

Accepted Answer

B) Hypertension is not a sign or symptom of anaphylactic shock, but hypotension is, along with urticaria, paralysis of the diaphragm, and swelling of the oropharynx. The end result may be cardiac collapse. Anaphylactic shock is a true medical emergency, occurring so swiftly and severely that controlled clinical studies of treatment have never been possible.

Question 8

Which of the following drugs are most commonly linked to physical dependence?&#10;A) immunosuppressants&#10;B) antibiotics&#10;C) antihistamines&#10;D) narcotics

Accepted Answer

D) Narcotics are most commonly linked to physical dependence. Narcotics include prescribed opioids as well as illegal drugs such as heroin. Many other drugs produce physical dependence, including amphetamines, barbiturates, and ethanol. Some drugs cause specific type of physical dependence even though their effects are outside of the CNS.

Question 9

The generic name of &#34;Lipitor&#34; is:&#10;A) niacin&#10;B) atorvastatin&#10;C) valproic acid&#10;D) rifampin

Accepted Answer

B) The generic name of Lipitor is atorvastatin. It is an example of a "statin", used to lower lipid levels. Other examples of statins and lipid-lowering drugs include fenofibrate, fluvastatin, gemfibrozil, lovastatin, niacin, pravastatin, and simvastatin.

Question 10

Anaphylaxis is an example of type ________ allergic drug reactions.&#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

A) Anaphylaxis is an example of type I allergic drug reactions. It is also referred to as "immediate hypersensitivity". Examples of drugs or classes of drugs linked to anaphylaxis include penicillins, streptomycin, local anesthetics, neuromuscular-blocking drugs, and radiologic contrast media.

Question 11

Type II allergic drug reactions are described as:&#10;A) immediate hypersensitivity&#10;B) immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity&#10;C) antibody-dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity&#10;D) delayed-type hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Type II allergic drug reactions are described...

Question 12

Epinephrine is frequently injected to combat anaphylactic shock, but must be administered:&#10;A) after 8 hours&#10;B) after 24 hours&#10;C) within the intensive care unit only&#10;D) soon after shock begins

Accepted Answer

The answer of Epinephrine is frequently injected to combat anaphylactic...

Question 13

Before administering a drug, knowledge of a patient's ________ is essential.&#10;A) allergies&#10;B) Rh factor&#10;C) blood type&#10;D) family history

Accepted Answer

The answer of Before administering a drug, knowledge of a...

Question 14

When a drug to which a person has become physically dependent is discontinued, what will occur?&#10;A) anaphylactic shock&#10;B) toxicity&#10;C) tolerance&#10;D) abstinence syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a drug to which a person...

Question 15

How many adverse drug events occur annually in hospitals?&#10;A) more than 770,000&#10;B) more than 320,000&#10;C) less than 120,000&#10;D) less than 25,000

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many adverse drug events occur annually...

Question 16

An interaction between two drugs that causes an effect greater than that which would have been expected from the additive properties of the drugs involved is called:&#10;A) physical dependence&#10;B) polymorphism&#10;C) potentiation&#10;D) overdose

Accepted Answer

The answer of An interaction between two drugs that causes...

Question 17

A drug reaction that is noxious, unintended, and occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment of disease is known as:&#10;A) an idiosyncratic drug reaction&#10;B) an adverse drug reaction&#10;C) a toxicity reaction&#10;D) a hepatotoxic effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug reaction that is noxious, unintended,...

Question 18

A drug's adverse effects are based on its:&#10;A) margin of safety&#10;B) manufacturing process&#10;C) date of expiration&#10;D) frequency of use

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug's adverse effects are based on...

Question 19

Pharmacogenomics is focused on genes encoding metabolic enzymes that alter ________.&#10;A) drug distribution&#10;B) drug solubility&#10;C) drug activity&#10;D) adverse effects

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pharmacogenomics is focused on genes encoding metabolic...

Question 20

Which of the following is the fourth major drug-related cause of death, especially among elderly patients in the USA?&#10;A) polymorphism&#10;B) hypersensitivity&#10;C) autoimmunity&#10;D) adverse drug reaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the fourth...

Question 21

Stevens-Johnson syndrome may cause severe damage of which organ?&#10;A) liver&#10;B) pancreas&#10;C) brain&#10;D) heart

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stevens-Johnson syndrome may cause severe damage of...

Question 22

Any drug that causes harm to an embryo is called a(n):&#10;A) carcinogen&#10;B) interferon&#10;C) teratogen&#10;D) allergen

Accepted Answer

The answer of Any drug that causes harm to an...

Question 23

Serum sickness is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?&#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of Serum sickness is an example of which...

Question 24

Which of the following drugs may cause &#34;Red man syndrome&#34;?&#10;A) penicillin&#10;B) vancomycin&#10;C) bupropion&#10;D) cefaclor

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following drugs may cause...

Question 25

Which of the following is most often linked to cumulative toxicity?&#10;A) ethyl alcohol&#10;B) methyldopa&#10;C) aspirin&#10;D) caffeine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is most often...

Question 26

The combined action of two drugs that produce an effect greater than each of their unique effects is called:&#10;A) cumulative&#10;B) tolerance&#10;C) polypharmacy&#10;D) synergism

Accepted Answer

The answer of The combined action of two drugs that...

Question 27

An example of an herbal supplement that interacts with NSAIDs is:&#10;A) cranberry&#10;B) ginkgo biloba&#10;C) chondroitin&#10;D) saw palmetto

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of an herbal supplement that...

Question 28

The bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall is a drug target for certain ________ drugs.&#10;A) antifungal&#10;B) antiviral&#10;C) antibacterial&#10;D) antiprotozoal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall is a...

Question 29

A chemical inside an organism that is NOT normally produced or even expected to be present is called:&#10;A) xenobiotic&#10;B) a peptidoglycan&#10;C) aspartate aminotransferase&#10;D) alanine aminotransferase

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical inside an organism that is...

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antifungal?&#10;A) itraconazole&#10;B) ketoconazole&#10;C) terbinafine&#10;D) simvastatin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Deck 4: Drug Toxicity and Pharmacogenomics