Deck 35: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Where in the body are mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids produced?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Pancreas
D) Hypothalamus

Answer 1

Adrenal cortex

Question 2

The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism.The physician wants to evaluate the patient's blood glucose levels and orders a fructosamine assay.Which factor best explains why the physician chose this laboratory test instead a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA?c)test?

A) The patient's age
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) Hypothyroidism
D) The tests' costs

Answer 2

Type 2 diabetes

Question 3

The nurse is educating an older adult patient with reduced cortisol levels.Which statement indicates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching?

A) "I should avoid crowds because low cortisol levels weaken my immune system."
B) "I should keep stress to a minimum because low cortisol levels make it harder for my body to deal with stress."
C) "I should avoid hot climates because low cortisol levels impact temperature regulation."
D) "I should avoid salty foods because low cortisol levels keep my body from processing sodium."

Answer 3

"I should keep stress to a minimum because low cortisol levels make it harder for my body to deal with stress."

Question 4

Although thyroid hormone levels decrease with advancing age,which mechanism offsets this output reduction?

A) Decreased rate of thyroid hormone breakdown
B) Increased level of calcium
C) Increased level of phosphorus
D) Decreased mineralocorticoids

Question 5

Which gland secretes androgenic hormones?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Hypothalamus
C) Pancreas
D) Pituitary

Question 6

Intake of which nutrients directly impacts thyroid hormone production?

A) Protein and iodine
B) Fats and vitamins
C) Carbohydrates and minerals
D) Sodium and potassium

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled to undergo a glucose tolerance test next week.The patient's daily medications include an antihypertensive,oral contraceptives,and over-the-counter (OTC)vitamin C and calcium supplements.The nurse should instruct the patient to withhold which medication before the test?

A) Antihypertensive agent
B) Oral contraceptive
C) Vitamin C
D) Calcium supplement

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a patient who has orders for a 17-ketosteroid (17-KS)test.Which preparation is most important for the nurse to make?

A) Keep the patient NPO after midnight the night before the test.
B) Ensure adequate space for the specimen container is available in the refrigerator.
C) Withhold the patient's metformin for 24 hours prior to the test.
D) Request an order for an antacid.

Question 9

Which statement accurately describes endocrine glands?

A) Endocrine glands release secretions directly into the bloodstream.
B) Endocrine glands release secretions via a duct into the bloodstream.
C) Endocrine glands hold secretions in a reservoir until needed.
D) Endocrine glands can produce constantly for body needs.

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled to undergo a computed tomography (CT)scan with contrast within the hour.Which statement requires the nurse's immediate attention?

A) "I forgot that I was not supposed to eat anything."
B) "I left my potassium supplements off of my home medication list."
C) "Did I tell you that I cannot eat lobster?"
D) "I take my daily blood pressure medication at night."

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled to have a thyroid panel drawn next week.After confirming with physician,which information is most important for the nurse to include in the patient instructions?

A) Do not take aspirin for 2 days before the test.
B) Take an OTC antacid 30 minutes before the test.
C) Take the preprocedure diuretic 30 minutes before the test.
D) Do not take any multivitamins for 2 days before the test.

Question 12

Which corticoid counteracts the inflammatory response?

A) Thyroxine
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Norepinephrine

Question 13

Which gland is the only gland that is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

A) Thyroid
B) Hypothalamus
C) Pancreas
D) Parathyroid

Question 14

Which actual structural unit secretes insulin?

A) Pancreas
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Beta cell
D) Alpha cell

Question 15

If an endocrine gland begins to hypersecrete,it usually causes which result?

A) Hyperplasia
B) Activation of the inflammatory process
C) An allergic response
D) An autoimmune response

Question 16

Which hormone acts on bone to release calcium into the blood?

A) Thyroxine (T4)
B) Thyrocalcitonin
C) Triiodothyronine (T3)
D) Parathormone

Question 17

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been experiencing infertility.Which statement indicates that the patient understands the impact of inadequate luteinizing hormone (LH)levels?

A) "Since luteinizing hormone maintains my secondary sex characteristics, low levels explain my small breasts."
B) "Low levels of luteinizing hormone cause the swelling I experience during my menstrual cycle."
C) "Low levels of luteinizing hormone cause my menstrual cycle irregularities."
D) "Since luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation and progesterone production, low levels could cause infertility."

Question 18

Which gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A) Thyroid
B) Pituitary
C) Pancreas
D) Adrenal medulla

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a long-term diabetic patient with a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA?c)level of 5%.Which statement indicates that the patient understands this laboratory result?

A) "My hemoglobin A levels are excellent."
B) "I am anemic and may need a blood transfusion."
C) "I should meet with the dietician to discuss better food choices."
D) "My glucose control has been excellent for the last few weeks."

Question 20

Which action describes a function of aldosterone?

A) Conserve water
B) Excrete sodium
C) Constrict blood vessels
D) Excrete phosphorus

Question 21

Which change(s)in endocrine function can be attributed to age?

A) Pituitary enlargement
B) Declining metabolism
C) Rising blood glucose levels
D) Decreasing epinephrine levels
E) Decreasing thyroxine levels

Question 22

Which hormone(s)does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
E) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 23

Which causative factor(s)may be responsible for primary endocrine disorders?

A) Hormone overproduction
B) Long periods of limited mobility
C) Trauma
D) Severe infection
E) Effects of certain drugs

Question 24

The physician has ordered cortisol level testing for a patient.Which statement indicates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching?

A) "I should not eat or drink 6 hours before the procedure."
B) "I should exercise for at least 10 minutes during the test."
C) "I will have blood samples collected during the day and night."
D) "I should limit salty foods the day before the test."

Question 25

The nurse is caring for a patient undergoing the fluid deprivation test.This test is designed to confirm which condition?

A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Hyperparathyroidism

Question 26

In which body process(es)is/are the endocrine system involved?

A) Regulation of metabolism
B) Growth rate
C) Physical development
D) Sexual function
E) Reproductive process
F)None of above