Deck 2: Physical Activity for the Growing Child

Question 1

In a typical classroom of youngsters, the variation in skeletal maturity is

A) 1-2 years.
B) 3-4 years.
C) 5-6 years.
D) 7-8 years.
E) There is no appreciable difference.

Answer 1

5-6 years.

Question 2

During elementary years, compared to girls, boys are generally

A) taller and lighter.
B) taller and heavier.
C) shorter in trunk length.
D) shorter and lighter.
E) shorter and heavier.

Answer 2

taller and heavier.

Question 3

The mesomorphic child is characterized

A) as soft and round.
B) by predominance of muscle and bone.
C) as thin with little muscle.
D) as long and lean.
E) as having wide hips and narrow shoulders.

Answer 3

by predominance of muscle and bone.

Question 4

Children engaged in vigorous physical activity

A) do not fatigue easily.
B) do not recover quickly.
C) fatigue slowly and recover slowly.
D) fatigue quickly and recover slowly.
E) fatigue quickly and recover quickly.

Question 5

The most rapid period of growth in children occurs from

A) birth to five years of age.
B) five to ten years of age.
C) ten to fifteen years of age.
D) adolescence to adulthood.
E) thirteen to fifteen years of age.

Question 6

The best criterion to use in determining exercise workloads for children is

A) laps run.
B) distance run.
C) time.
D) number of repetitions.
E) age.

Question 7

Usually, when boys and girls of the same size and mass are compared,

A) boys are stronger.
B) girls are stronger.
C) there is no difference in strength.
D) there is no legitimate basis for comparison.
E) relative strength is equal.

Question 8

Obese children will

A) demonstrate a lower metabolic cost during exercise.
B) may have limited motor performance due to reduction in relative strength.
C) require lower oxygen uptake than leaner children.
D) have more endurance than normal weight children.
E) generally lose excessive weight when they reach adolescence.

Question 9

Recommended resistance training for preadolescent children is best described as

A) high repetition at low resistance.
B) low repetition at high resistance.
C) low repetition at low resistance.
D) high repetition at high resistance.
E) weight determined by maximal lifts.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a reason to take caution when exercising youngsters in hot weather?

A) Children produce more metabolic heat per unit mass than adults.
B) Children have a higher cardiac output at a given oxygen rate
C) Children have higher surface area/mass ratios than those of adults.
D) Children have a lower cardiac output at a given oxygen rate.
E) Sweating capacity is not as great in children as in adults.

Question 11

Weight-bearing exercise

A) is not advised for pre-adolescents.
B) appears to have the greatest effects on bone mineral density.
C) should focus on prolonged activity.
D) contributes to bone damage in elementary-aged children.
E) are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.

Question 12

Fast twitch muscle fibres are primarily

A) anaerobic.
B) aerobic.
C) long-term.
D) undifferentiated.
E) fatigue-resistant.

Question 13

Depending on the criteria used to evaluate the ratio of fat, what percentage of Canadian youngsters has been identified as overweight?

A) 18%
B) 32%
C) 26%
D) 50%
E) 8%

Question 14

Obese children who exercise

A) have higher maximal uptake values than those of lean children.
B) require a higher oxygen uptake capacity to perform a given task.
C) do not work as hard as normal weight children.
D) often perform physical activities on a par with leaner children.
E) perceive lower exertion levels than those of normal weight children.

Question 15

The ectomorphic body physique is characterized as

A) soft and round, with protruding stomach.
B) skinny with minimal muscle development.
C) well-muscled.
D) obese in appearance.
E) pear-shaped, with wide hips.

Question 16

Activity workloads should be based on

A) distance.
B) number of repetitions.
C) time.
D) intensity of repetitions.
E) speed.

Question 17

In preadolescent children, it appears that strength gains occur from

A) intense training.
B) the development of more efficient motor patterns.
C) the recruitment of more muscle fibres.
D) muscle hypertrophy.
E) increase in muscle maturity.

Question 18

Kindergarten students have

A) a lower centre of gravity than adults.
B) a lower centre of gravity than adolescents.
C) long legs in relation to their upper body.
D) short legs in relation to their upper body.
E) a shorter trunk in relation to their legs.

Question 19

When estimating their physical competence

A) very young children depend primarily on information from adults.
B) most children are inaccurate.
C) few children use actual performance outcome.
D) older children depend primarily on information from adults.
E) children avoid comparing themselves to peers.

Question 20

A task that is optimally challenging provides

A) balance between skill and ability.
B) balance between motivation and boredom.
C) competition and success.
D) an increase in anxiety during practice.
E) balance between skill and challenge.

Question 21

Frostbite

A) can only happen to uncovered skin.
B) occurs when body core temperature drops below normal.
C) always shows blistered skin.
D) causes skin to look red and puffy.
E) causes skin to look pale and whitish.

Question 22

Identify the three types of body physique and discuss how each may affect physical activity participation and performance.

Question 23

Describe the three developmental patterns that typify the growth of primary-grade children.

Question 24

Most first graders are "top heavy." Explain what this means according to predictable growth patterns.

Question 25

Weight-bearing exercise is encouraged as part of healthy bone growth in children. List three suggestions to guide choice of PE activities that maximize bone health.

Question 26

Define the term "optimal challenge" as it relates to motivation of children to learn physical skills.

Question 27

Describe the physiological reasons that children do not adapt to extremes of temperature as effectively as adults.

Question 28

Define the term "documented program" as it is related to the motivation of children to participate in sport.

Question 29

Define "perceived competence."

Question 30

Define the term "velocity curve" as it relates the growth patterns of children and motor learning.

Question 31

List three important safety precautions when children are participating in outdoor activities during sunny weather.

Question 32

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-performs best in activities requiring strength, speed, and agility

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 33

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-has excessively protruding abdomen

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 34

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-performs well in aerobic endurance activities

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 35

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-has predominance of bone and muscle

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 36

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-is well-muscled

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 37

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-is less able to do activities requiring power and strength

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 38

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-may perform poorly in many physical activities

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 39

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding body physique

-has minimal muscle development

A) endomorph
B) mesomorph
C) ectomorph

Question 40

Discuss the rationale for daily physical education in the elementary schools. What research would support your stated position?

Question 41

Discuss the role organized youth sports should play in the proper growth and development of children.

Question 42

Research findings clearly indicate that today's youth are receiving sufficient allocation of physical education to cause a positive change in their levels of physical fitness.

Question 43

Although each child's timing is unique, children do follow a general growth pattern.

Question 44

Growth patterns are generally controlled by genetic makeup.

Question 45

Approximately 30% of Canadian children participate in daily physical education programs

Question 46

Growth patterns are generally controlled by environmental factors.

Question 47

Children exercising at a certain workload perceive the activity to be more intense than do adults working at a similar level.

Question 48

Physical activity habits developed in childhood track into adulthood.

Question 49

Physical maturity is usually measured by comparing chronological age with skeletal age.

Question 50

Obesity restricts children's motor performance because it reduces their absolute strength

Question 51

Children whose chronological age is beyond skeletal age are said to be early (or fast) maturers.

Question 52

Prevalence of overweight and obese children in Canada has more than doubled between 1981 and 1996.

Question 53

The number of active Canadian adults decreased from 37% in 1981 to 21% in 1995.

Question 54

Late-maturing children are generally heavier and taller for their age than average- or early-maturing children.

Question 55

Children appear to adjust to heat more quickly than do adults.

Question 56

In the elementary school years, muscular strength increases linearly with chronological age

Question 57

Boys and girls can participate on somewhat even terms in activities demanding leg strength, particularly if their size and mass are similar.

Question 58

A general rule in regard to motor learning is that when growth is slower, the ability to learn new skills increases.

Question 59

Less than 30% of overweight children and teens remain overweight as adults.

Question 60

The Coaching Association of Canada recommends that children can begin to participate in competitive sport after the age of 9.

Question 61

If relative humidity and air temperature are both high, physical activity level should be low.

Question 62

A major loss of body heat is through the fingers and toes.

Question 63

Mild hypothermia causes an increase in pulse rates and breath rate.

Question 64

Hypothermia develops when the body uses heat faster than it can be produced by metabolism and muscle contraction.