Deck 8: Organic Reactions Hydrocarbons, Carboxlic Acids, Amines, and Related Compounds

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true about alkanes?

A) alkanes contain polar bonds
B) alkanes are attracted to one another by London forces
C) alkanes are polar molecules
D) alkanes are unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 1

alkanes are attracted to one another by London forces

Question 2

Hydocarbons are organic compounds that

A) contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
B) are soluble in water.
C) are polar molecules.
D) contain carbon, hydrogen, and halogen atoms.

Answer 2

contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is an alkane?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 3

Question 4

Give the correct IUPAC name for the following molecule:

A) 2-Ethylpentane
B) 3-Methylhexane
C) 3-Methylcycloheptane
D) 3-Methylheptane

Question 5

Give the correct IUPAC name for the following molecule:

A) 3, 4-Dimethylpentane
B) 2,3-Dimethyl heptane
C) 2,3-Dimethylpentane
D) 1,1,2-Trimethylpentane

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about nonane?

A) It is a polar molecule.
B) It dissolves in water.
C) It is a liquid at room temperature.
D) It contains one double bond.

Question 7

Which of the following structures is a constitutional isomer of 2-Methylheptane?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 8

The name of the following compound is

A) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
B) 1,1,1,3-tetramethylbutane.
C) 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethylpropane.
D) Both 1,1,1,3-tetramethylbutane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethylpropane are correct names.

Question 9

Which of the following pairs of compounds represent constitutional isomers?

A) 2-methylpropane and Pentane
B) 2,2-dimethylbutane and 3-methylpentane
C) 2,2-dimethylpropane and 2-methylpentane
D) 2-methylbutane and 2-methylpropane

Question 10

The following is an example of what type of reaction?

A) Hydration
B) Combustion
C) Hydrogeneation
D) Halogenation

Question 11

The correct IUPAC name for the molecule below is ___.

A) 1-pentene
B) 2,3-dimethyl-1-pentyne
C) 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butyne
D) 2,3-dimethyl-1-heptene

Question 12

Which of the following molecules represent trans- 2-Hexene?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 13

What is the major organic product of the following reaction?

A) 1-propanol
B) 2-propanol
C) propanal
D) propanone

Question 14

Provide IUPAC name for the following molecule.

A) 3-methyl-5-Hexene
B) 4-ethyl-1-pentene
C) 3-methyl-5-heptene
D) 4-methyl-1-hexene

Question 15

What is the major product of the reaction below?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 16

Which of the following can participate in hydrogen bonding?

A) alcohols
B) carboxylic acids
C) primary amines
D) all of these choices

Question 17

Rank butane (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃), butanoic acid (CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH), and pentane (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃) in order of increasing boiling point. (From lowest to highest.)

A) butane < butanoic acid < pentane
B) butane < pentane < butanoic acid
C) butanoic acid < pentane < butane
D) pentane < butanoic acid < butane

Question 18

Carboxylic acids, when compared with other molecules of similar size,

A) have relatively lower melting points.
B) have relatively higher boiling points.
C) have a smaller number of hydrogen bonds.
D) have more nonpolar locations.

Question 19

Give the IUPAC name of the following carboxylic acid?

A) 4-propylnanoic acid
B) 3-octyl-butanoic acid
C) 4-butyl-3-methylheptanoic acid
D) 3-methyl-4-propyloctanoic acid

Question 20

What is the IUPAC name of the molecule below?

A) octanoic acid
B) 6-ethyl-4-methylhexanoic acid
C) 4,6-dimethyloctanoic acid
D) 3,5-dimethyloctanoic acid

Question 21

Provide the IUPAC name for the compound below.

A) 2-methyl-5-heptanoic acid
B) 2-ethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid
C) 6-methyl-3-heptanoic acid
D) 6-methylheptanoic acid

Question 22

The molecule responsible for the hot taste of chili peppers is capsaicin. Capsaicin is a phenol because it has

A) a double bond.
B) an amide within its structure.
C) a trans stereochemistry at its double bond.
D) an -OH attached to a benzene ring.

Question 23

The carboxylic acids share which characteristic with the phenols?

A) They have relatively high boiling points.
B) They are capable of forming hydrogen bonds.
C) They are weak acids.
D) All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 24

The IUPAC name of the molecule below is

A) hydroxyl -2,4-dichlorocyclohexene
B) 3,4-dichlorophenol
C) 2,4-dichlorophenol
D) 1,3-dichlorophenol

Question 25

Phenol and toluene (structures shown below) have similar molecular weights.
Which of the following statements accounts for the higher boiling point of phenol (182 $\degree$ C) than that of toluene (111 $\degree$ C)?

A) Toluene is more soluble in water than phenol.
B) Phenol molecules are primarily attracted to one another by London forces.
C) Toluene has greater hydrogen bonding interactions than phenol.
D) Phenol molecules are primarily attracted to one another by hydrogen bonds.

Question 26

The carboxylic acids with less than 11 carbons are likely to have

A) lower vapor pressure than the larger carboxylic acids.
B) lower water solubility than larger carboxylic acids.
C) lower boiling points than the larger carboxylic acids.
D) the same chemical and physical properties as those with 11 to 20 carbons.

Question 27

Which of the following produce acidic solutions in water?

A) phenols
B) 2^º amines
C) carboxylic acids
D) both phenols and carboxylic acids

Question 28

Which of the following lowers the pH when added to water?

A) ethyl alcohol
B) propanoic acid
C) methyl amine
D) methyl alcohol

Question 29

The chapter refers to physiological pH, which is approximately a

A) pH of 6.3.
B) pH of 7.
C) pH of 8.
D) pH of 10.

Question 30

Phenols are organic acids, as are carboxylic acids. The difference is that

A) the phenols have a K_a that is larger than the carboxylic acids.
B) the phenols are much stronger acids.
C) the carboxylic acids are significantly stronger.
D) the carboxylic acids are much larger than the phenols.

Question 31

Both carboxylic acids and phenols react with strong bases to produce

A) the conjugate base of the carboxylic acid or phenol.
B) a stronger acid or phenol.
C) a complex with water.
D) gaseous products.

Question 32

Provide the organic product formed when NaOH reacts with 3-bromophenol.

A) sodium 3-bromophenoxide
B) sodium phenoxide
C) 3-bromobenzoic acid
D) 3-bromobenzoate

Question 33

Given: benzene, phenol, and sodium phenoxide. Rank these in order of increasing water solubility. (From lowest to highest.)

A) benzene < phenol < sodium phenoxide
B) phenol < benzene < sodium phenoxide
C) benzene < sodium phenoxide < phenol
D) sodium phenoxide < phenol < benzene

Question 34

The forces that hold one ester molecule to another are predominantly

A) hydrogen bonding.
B) dipole-dipole interactions and London forces.
C) ionic.
D) covalent.

Question 35

Carboxylic acids and alcohols can react under acidic conditions

A) to produce compounds that exist only under acidic conditions.
B) to produce esters with water being formed.
C) to produce phenols, if the appropriate hydrolyzing agents are present.
D) only if the carboxylic acid is an extremely strong acid.

Question 36

The organic product of the reaction between NaOH and 3-methylbutanoic acid is named

A) 3-methylbutane sodium.
B) 3-methylbutanoate.
C) methylbutanoate.
D) sodium 3-methylbutanoate.

Question 37

The organic product formed when propanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst is called

A) ethyl propanoic acid.
B) ethylpropanoate.
C) propylethanoate.
D) propylethanoic acid.

Question 38

The reaction below is an example of what kind of reaction?

A) neutralization
B) hydrolysis
C) esterification
D) saponification

Question 39

The missing product from the following reaction is

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 40

When the ester ethyl butanoate, CH₃CH₂CH₂COOCH₂CH₃, is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, which compounds are the products?

A) ethyl alcohol and butanoic acid
B) butanol and ethanoic (acetic acid)
C) ethyl alcohol and the butanoate ion
D) butanol and the ethanoate ion

Question 41

When the ester ethyl butanoate, CH₃CH₂CH₂COOCH₂CH₃, is hydrolyzed under basic conditions, which compounds are the products?

A) ethyl alcohol and butanoic acid
B) butanol and ethanoic (acetic) acid
C) ethyl alcohol and the butanoate ion
D) butanol and the ethanoate ion

Question 42

Which raises the pH when added to water?

A) ethyl alcohol
B) propanoic acid
C) methyl amine
D) methyl alcohol

Question 43

The structure of amphetamine is shown.
Amphetamine is a ___ amine.

A) 1^o
B) 2^o
C) 3^o
D) 4^o

Question 44

The amide containing anti-flea drug Lufenuron is hydrophobic, therefore it dissolves easily in ___.

A) fatty tissue
B) aqueous solutions
C) hair
D) water

Question 45

To which class of compounds would a physiological stimulant most likely belong?

A) carboxylic acids
B) phenols
C) alcohols
D) amines

Question 46

Which compound is not an amine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 47

This compound is mescaline, a hallucinogen.
Which of the following statements is true?

A) Mescaline is an amine.
B) Mescaline contains an alcohol group.
C) Mescaline is a carboxylic acid.
D) Mescaline is an amine and contains an alcohol group.

Question 48

What is the name of this compound?

A) ethylmethyl-sec-butyl-ammonium
B) ethylmethylbutylammonium
C) N-ethyl-N-methyl-3-butamine
D) N-ethyl-N-methyl-2-butanamine

Question 49

Given the following amines:
These three amines all have the same formula weight. Rank them in order of increasing boiling point. (From lowest to highest.)

A) 1^º < 2^º < 3^º
B) 2^º < 1^º < 3^º
C) 3^º < 2^º < 1^º
D) 3^º < 1^º < 2^º

Question 50

Provide the IUPAC name for the following organic compound.

A) N-Methyl-2-butamine
B) methylbutanamine
C) dimethypropyllamine
D) butylmethanamine

Question 51

Provide the IUPAC name for the following organic compound.

A) methylpentanamine
B) dimethylpentanamine
C) 2,N-Dimethyl-3-pentanamine
D) N-methyl-2-methylpentanamine

Question 52

What is the product if butanoic acid reacts with ammonia?

A) a secondary amine
B) the ammonium salt
C) a butane compound with a nitrogen attached to each carbon
D) a cyclic compound with one nitrogen and four carbons in the ring

Question 53

Diproylamine and HBr react to produce

A) dipropylammonium bromide.
B) dipropyl bromide.
C) propylammonium bromide.
D) ammonium bromide.

Question 54

Amine salts formed from amines are mainly used in the drug industry because

A) they are acidic and react with bases.
B) they do not have a strong, unpleasant odor as do amines.
C) they are weak acids.
D) they are more soluble in water and blood fluids than the amines.

Question 55

Salts of quaternary (4º) ammonium salts

A) have low boiling points.
B) have high melting points.
C) have weak covalent bonds.
D) are liquids at room temperature.

Question 56

An amine will be converted into its conjugate acid by

A) application of heat.
B) reaction with an oxidizing agent.
C) reaction with a strong acid.
D) reaction with a strong base.

Question 57

Predict the organic product formed when heat is applied to the compound below:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 58

The IUPAC name of the molecule below is

A) N-methylbutanamide
B) methylbutyramide
C) methylbutylamide
D) N-methyl-1-butylamine

Question 59

The products of the hydrolysis reaction below are

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 60

An amide can be identified by noting that

A) there is a nitrogen incorporated in the structure.
B) there is a nitrogen attached to an oxygen from a carbon.
C) all of the carbon chains attach to a nitrogen.
D) a nitrogen attaches to a carbonyl carbon.

Question 61

The larger the carboxylic acid, the more hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules.

Question 62

The smell of rancid butter is due to the presence of butanoic acid.

Question 63

A common feature of carboxylic acids and phenols is that they contain an O-H group.

Question 64

When a carboxylic acid or phenol reacts with a strong base, one of the products is the conjugate base of the carboxylic acid or the phenol.

Question 65

Carboxylic acids have lower boiling points than esters of similar size.

Question 66

A 4º ammonium ion has four carbon atoms attached to a nitrogen atom causing it to have a 1+ charge.

Question 67

Water soluble amines form solutions with a pH that is greater than 7.

Question 68

Phenol forms a basic solution in water.

Question 69

Alcohols are not generally considered to be acids because they cannot donate a(n) ___ ion.

Question 70

Determine the major organic product of the following reaction:

Question 71

Determine the major organic product of the following reaction:

Question 72

Determine the major organic product of the following reaction:

Question 73

Generally, carboxylates are ___ in water if they contain fewer than 12 carbon atoms.

Question 74

A ___ amine is not capable of forming hydrogen bonds with a similar amine.

Question 75

A ____ amine is a ring compound in which at least one atom in the ring is nitrogen.

Question 76

Determine the major organic product of the following reaction:

Question 77

Determine the major organic product of the following reaction: