Deck 2: Atoms and Elements

Question 1

Which statement is incorrect?

A) According to the atomic theory, all matter is composed of atoms.
B) Protons, neutrons, and electrons are subatomic particles.
C) Electrons have greater mass than protons.
D) Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom.

Answer 1

Electrons have greater mass than protons.

Question 2

Choose the incorrect statement about the proton:

A) The proton has the atomic mass of 1 amu.
B) The proton has the same charge as the neutron.
C) The proton has greater mass than an electron.
D) The proton and the neutron have approximately the same atomic mass.

Answer 2

The proton has the same charge as the neutron.

Question 3

The atom's structure characteristically has

A) the protons and neutron within the nucleus.
B) the electrons located outside the nucleus.
C) mostly empty space.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Answer 3

All of these choices are correct.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a type of subatomic particle?

A) alpha particle
B) electron
C) neutron
D) proton

Question 5

Which of the substances listed below is not an element?

A) sodium
B) iron
C) air
D) carbon

Question 6

A Nutrition Facts label on a food package indicates that one serving contains 2% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of iodine. If the serving size is one cup and the RDA for iodine is 0.15 mg per day, calculate the amount (in milligrams) supplied by one serving.

A) 0.0030 mg
B) 15 mg
C) 20 mg
D) 0.15 mg

Question 7

The mass in grams of one mole of an element is the element's ___.

A) atomic number
B) atomic weight
C) molar mass
D) isotope number

Question 8

has how many protons, neutrons, and electrons?

A) 12 protons, 23 neutrons, and 23 electrons
B) 12 protons, 11 neutrons, and 11 electrons
C) 23 protons, 11 neutrons, and 23 electrons
D) 12 protons, 11 neutrons, and 12 electrons

Question 9

Which is the proper notation for the oxygen isotope with atomic number 8 and a mass number of 16?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 10

An isotope of lithium contains 3 protons and 4 neutrons. What is the correct notation for this lithium isotope?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 11

Two atoms that are isotopes of an element contain

A) the same number of electrons and neutrons.
B) the same number of protons and neutrons.
C) the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons.
D) different numbers of protons.

Question 12

Which of the following is an isotope of iodine-131?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 13

Atoms of elements belonging to the same group have an identical number of

A) total electrons.
B) energy levels.
C) inner electrons.
D) valence electrons.

Question 14

Which statement is correct?

A) Cr is in period 6B.
B) Fe is a transition metal.
C) Mg is an alkali metal.
D) Cl is an inert gas.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in increasing atomic radius: K, Mg, B?

A) KB) BC) MgD) B

Question 16

The periodic table of the elements does not list whole numbers for atomic weights. Why?

A) The atomic weights are not predictable.
B) The atomic weights include protons and neutrons at 1 amu each, but they also include electrons, which weigh a lot less than one.
C) The atomic weight is the weighted average of the masses of the known isotopes of an element.
D) The atomic weights do not include isotopes.

Question 17

Where are the metals located on the periodic table of the elements?

A) On the right side of the metalloid line (not including the metalloids).
B) On the last group of the periodic table.
C) On the left side of the metalloid line (not including the methalloids).
D) In the two sections separated from the rest of the table.

Question 18

The higher up within a group or family on the periodic table,

A) the heavier the nucleus.
B) the more the element is likely to conduct electricity.
C) the more nonmetallic in character.
D) the more the element is likely to be a semimetal.

Question 19

Boron, which occurs in nature as ¹⁰₅B (amu = 10.013) and ¹¹₅B (amu = 11.009), has an atomic weight of 10.81. Which of the following statements is true?

A) isotope¹¹₅B predominates
B) isotope¹⁰₅B predominates
C) both isotopes have equal percentages in nature
D) the atomic weight of 10.013 amu is nearest the correct value for boron

Question 20

Glucose molecules produced during photosynthesis contain higher levels of carbon-12 than carbon -13 because

A) carbon -12 reacts slightly slower than carbon-13.
B) carbon-12 has more electrons than carbon -13.
C) carbon-12 reacts slightly faster than carbon-13.
D) carbon-13 has more number of protons than carbon -12.

Question 21

What is the relationship of a metal atom to the right of another metal atom in the same period?

A) The atom to the right is usually the smaller in diameter.
B) The atom to the right is usually the smaller in atomic weight.
C) The atom to the right is usually the smaller in atomic number.
D) The atom to the right is more likely to have fewer isotopes.

Question 22

How many atoms of sodium are there in 0.200 moles sodium atoms?

A) 6.02 x 10²⁴ atoms
B) 6.02 x 10²³ atoms
C) 1.20 x 10²³ atoms
D) 1.20 x 10²⁴atoms

Question 23

How many carbon(C) atoms are present in 30 moles of carbon?

A) 1.20 x 10¹C atoms
B) 1.80 x 10²³ C atoms
C) 3.60 x 10² C atoms
D) 6.02 x 10²³ C atoms

Question 24

The number of moles of calcium (Ca) represented by 7.39 g of calcium is

A) 40.0 moles of Ca.
B) 18.6 moles of Ca.
C) 0.184 mole of Ca.
D) 296 moles of Ca.

Question 25

Iron has the atomic weight of 55.9. What is the number of atoms in one mole of iron?

A) 55.9 atoms
B) 1 x 10²⁴ atoms
C) 6.02 x 10²³ atoms
D) 12 dozen atoms

Question 26

A sample of magnesium weighs 10 grams. How many moles of magnesium are there in the sample?

A) 10 moles
B) 6 x 10²³ moles
C) 60 x 10²³ atoms
D) 0.4 moles

Question 27

What is the number of atoms present in a 20.gram sample of lithium?

A) 1.38 x 10²
B) 1.20 x 10²⁵
C) 1.70 x 10²⁴
D) 4.00x 10²⁴

Question 28

Sulfur has ___ electrons and ___ valence electrons.

A) 16, 6
B) 32, 4
C) 16, 0
D) 32, 6

Question 29

An alpha particle is identical to which of the following?

A) the nucleus of a hydrogen atom
B) an electron
C) a beta radiation
D) the nucleus of a helium-4-atom

Question 30

In an alpha therapy, Radium-223is used as a radioactive $\alpha$ -emitter. The correct nuclear equation for this emission event is?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true about a beta particle?

A) it has the same mass as a helium nucleus
B) when ejected from the nucleus formed has same mass as the original isotope
C) when ejected from the nucleus of a radioisotope, the nucleus formed has one more proton
D) it is the same as a gamma radiation

Question 32

When a radioactive isotope emits a(n)___, its atomic number increases.

A) alpha particle
B) beta particle
C) gamma ray
D) positron

Question 33

If radium, , were to emit an alpha particle, what would be the other product?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 34

Scandium-40 enters into a reaction in which a positron is emitted. Which is the correct equation for this reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 35

Which equation below correctly depicts nitrogen-13 emitting a positron?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 36

The dosage unit related to the amount of energy absorbed by an object exposed to nuclear radiation is ___.

A) curie
B) rad
C) rem
D) Becquerel

Question 37

Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in diagnostic tests because

A) they have high energy.
B) they are inexpensive.
C) they do not pose health risks by being present long after use.
D) they have less penetration ability.

Question 38

Most elements have radioisotopes. What is a radioisotope?

A) An isotope that has a different atomic number.
B) An isotope that releases nuclear radiation.
C) An isotope that releases electrical radiation.
D) Any isotope that can absorb nuclear particles.

Question 39

What is the minimum protection against exposure to beta particles?

A) None, beta particles are of low energy and cannot penetrate skin.
B) Gloves, a lab coat, or over a meter's distance from the source.
C) A thin sheet of plastic or metal.
D) A sheet of lead.

Question 40

Gamma rays require a thick slab of concrete or lead to block them because they

A) have the lowest energy.
B) are so energetic that they have a very high penetrating power.
C) are large in size.
D) are small in size.

Question 41

The quality factor (QF) for alpha particles is 20. What is the radiation dose in remsfor this patient if he absorbed 13 rads of alpha particles?

A) 20 rems
B) 13 rems
C) 23 rems
D) 260 rems

Question 42

If one starts with 10.0 grams of a radioactive substance, how much will remain after 3 half lives?

A) 1.25 g
B) 2.50 g
C) 3.33 g
D) 5.00 g

Question 43

Iron-59 has a half-life of 45 days. How much of a 50.0-gram sample would remain after 180 days?

A) 1.00 g
B) 3.13 g
C) 25.0 g
D) There is no way to determine the results.

Question 44

A 35 mg dose of iodine-131 with a half-life of 8 days is administered to a patient. How long will it take for the iodine to decay so that there are only about 2 mg remaining?

A) 8 days
B) 16 days
C) 32 days
D) 64 days

Question 45

Whereas x-ray works well for bones, the value of a CT scan is that

A) it provides a 3 dimensional view of bones.
B) it provides images of the inside of the body.
C) it provides a clear picture of gamma rays produced within the tissue.
D) it provides images used in studies, such as monitoring sugar usage.

Question 46

Whereas x-ray works well for bones, the value of MRI imaging is that

A) it provides a 3 dimensional view of bones.
B) it provides images of the inside of the body.
C) it provides a clear picture of gamma rays produced within the tissue.
D) it provides images used in studies, such as monitoring sugar usage.

Question 47

A patient who has undergone a PET scan that used fluorine-18 tagged glucose is likely to emit which of the following a few hours after the procedure?

A) x-rays
B) alpha particles
C) gamma radiation
D) beta particles

Question 48

Trace elements and vitamins are required for the body to function properly

Question 49

An atom contains 12 protons and 12 neutrons, and a different atom contains 10 protons and 12 neutrons. These two atoms are not isotopes.

Question 50

The isotope of hydrogen that is a radioisotope has a mass number of 3.

Question 51

Calcium is a transition metal as is indicated by its location in the periodic table.

Question 52

Emission of a beta particle increases the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Question 53

The emission of an alpha particle only decreases the atomic mass of the atom.

Question 54

The higher the quality factor (QF) of a radiation, the less harmful the exposure to the radiation.

Question 55

The element that is essential for human nutrition and is responsible for formation of bones and teeth is ___.

Question 56

The atomic number is equal to the number of ___ found in a specific element.

Question 57

Complete the following table:

Question 58

Complete the following table:

Question 59

Beryllium and magnesium can be predicted to have similar properties because they are in the same ___ on the periodic table.

Question 60

Given the following elements: calcium, selenium, and chlorine,arrange the three elements in order of:
increasing atomic size: _____<_____<_____
increasing metallic character _____>_____>_____

Question 61

The number of ___ is the same in one mole of sodium as in one mole of zinc.

Question 62

In a living thing, light can be produced without heat in a process called ___.

Question 63

An alpha particle is essentially a(n) ___ nucleus.

Question 64

___ radiation is electromagnetic radiation much like x-rays.

Question 65

What type of radiation will be emitted in the reaction below?

Question 66

Complete the equation below.

Question 67

The least penetrating form of ionizing radiation is the ___ particle.

Question 68

The time required for one half of a sample to undergo radioactive decay is the ___.

Question 69

0.04 mSv is the same as ___millirads.

Question 70

Calculate the number of moles in 2.61 grams of silicon.

Question 71

Calculate the number of atoms in 2.61 grams of silicon.

Question 72

Define the term mole. Explain the relationship between mole and atomic weight.

Question 73

What is the mass in grams of 5.82 x 10¹⁵ moles of Ba?

Question 74

12.5 grams of gold contains how many gold atoms?

Question 75

Draw the electron dot structure for a selenium (Se) atom.

Question 76

Write the nuclear equation for the alpha emission of bismuth-210.

Question 77

Technetium-99 is injected into a patient in order to monitor heart function. Technetium-99 is a gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours. A patient receives an injection of 21 mg of Technetium-99 on a Tuesday at 9:00 a.m.
Calculate the number of hours and the number of half-lives that occur between 9:00 a.m. on Tuesday and 11:00 p.m. on Wednesday.

Question 78

Define the term element. Give one example of an element that is a metal, an element that is a nonmetal, and an element that is a semimetal.

Question 79

Describe two ways to protect oneself from exposure to radiation when working in an environment that contains radioactive sources.