Deck 15: Identifying Perpetrators

Question 1

When an eyewitness mistakenly attributes a detail from one event to an entirely different event this is known as a ______ error.

Answer 1

source attribution

Question 2

When a memory has an effect of which one is not aware this is called explicit memory.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

There are two basic types of factor that can influence eyewitness identification; some are under the control of the criminal justice system (CJS) and some are not. What term is used to describe factors that are not under the control of the CJS?

A) System variables
B) Estimator variables

Answer 3

Estimator variables

Question 4

Below is a list of factors that can influence eyewitness identification. Mark those that are estimator variables A and those that are system variables B.
____ The presence of a weapon
____ Instructions given to the witness
____ The method used to select foils for a line up
____The number of perpetrators
____Feedback given to witnesses

Question 5

In cases where the identity of the accused is disputed, the Turnbull guidelines are given by judges to help the jury to assess the reliability of eyewitness evidence. Fill in the four numbered gaps below to identify the well-known acronym that summarises the circumstances that a jury member should consider.
A = Amount of time the perpetrator was in view
D = Distance of the witness from the perpetrator
V = <1> of the perpetrator
O = Was the witness's view <2>?
K = Is the suspect Known to the witness?
A = Any reason to remember?
T = Was there a <3>?
E = Was there an <4>?

Question 6

Research suggests that the presence of a weapon will affect recognition of the perpetrator's face.

Question 7

The relationship between eyewitness confidence and accuracy is very strong (i.e. well above r=6.60).

Question 8

Which of these is not one of the factors that Valentine et al. (2003) found to increase the accuracy with which suspects were identified during real-life lineups in the UK?

A) The witness was younger than 30
B) The suspect was African-Caribbean
C) The witness gave a detailed description
D) The witness viewed the culprit at the scene for over a minute
E The witness made a fast decision at the lineup

Question 9

A "double-blind lineup" is where the person administering the lineup does not know who the suspect is.

Question 10

A foil is a member of the lineup who is a suspect.

Question 11

The code of practice in England and Wales is to select foils that resemble the suspect, which is known as a ______ strategy.

Question 12

_____ lineup presentations were designed to prevent witnesses from making relative judgments that can lead to mistaken identification.

Question 13

According to Code D of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) Codes of Practice, which guides the conduct of identification procedures in England and Wales, at least how many foils should be present in a lineup in addition to a suspect?

Question 14

Familiar and unfamiliar faces can be identified from CCTV evidence with an equal degree of accuracy.