Deck 6: Eyewitness Evidence

Question 1

The three stages of memory encoding are (in order of occurrence):

Answer 1

1. encoding
2. storage
3. retrieval

Question 2

Encoding involves the creation of memory by an observer.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research has suggested that complicated steps are needed to improve quality and accuracy of recall.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Yuille and Cutshall (1986) investigated the difference between memory recall of real crimes versus laboratory-only studies. When they compared the two what did they find?

A) Laboratory studies are remembered better
B) Details from both are remembered at similar rates
C) Real crimes are remembered better

Question 5

Gary Wells suggested what types of factors affect eyewitness accuracy?

A) Stress variables
B) Estimator variables
C) Intrinsic factors
D) Extrinsic factors
E) System variables
F) Inhibitor variables

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of an encoding factor?

A) Age
B) Change blindness
C) Stereotyping
D) Traumatic memory
E) Weapon focus

Question 7

According to the ______ frame work, intoxication affects attention and encoding by narrowing focus to central details, at the expense of peripheral details.

Question 8

The misinformation effect is what occurs when the accuracy of a memory report is decreased by exposure to misleading information.

Question 9

In Loftus and Pickrell's 1995 study of false memories, what percentage of participants "remembered" being lost in a shopping mall?

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 35%
E) 45%

Question 10

________memories are the autobiographical memories for significant and unexpected events.

Question 11

People's memories of significant emotional events are usually accurate, especially when the memories are vivid.

Question 12

Which question format provides the most accuracy and completeness of memories from the participant?

A) Closed response
B) Yes/no questions
C) Double negatives
D) Compound questions
E) Open response