Deck 15: Therapies

Question 1

___________ are treatments to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual's body functions.

A) Somatoform therapies
B) Biological therapies
C) Biopsychological therapies
D) Psychotherapies

Answer 1

Biological therapies

Question 2

Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are forms of:

A) biological therapy.
B) somatoform therapy.
C) psychotherapy.
D) health psychology.

Answer 2

biological therapy.

Question 3

_______ is the most common form of biological therapy.

A) Electroconvulsive therapy
B) Psychosurgery
C) Drug therapy
D) Psychotherapy

Answer 3

Drug therapy

Question 4

Dr. Sanchez is a psychiatrist who prescribes various medications to patients to alleviate the symptoms of their psychological disorders. He has also used electroconvulsive therapy with a few of his patients. Dr. Sanchez's treatments would be considered:

A) psychotherapy.
B) biological therapy.
C) somatization therapy.
D) neurological therapy.

Question 5

_____________ is the process used by mental health professionals to help individuals recognize, define, and overcome their psychological and interpersonal difficulties.

A) Psychotherapy
B) Somatization
C) Transference
D) Trepanning

Question 6

Drugs are mainly used to treat which of the following disorders?

A) schizophrenia, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders
B) schizophrenia, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders
C) mood disorders, somatoform disorders, and schizophrenia
D) personality disorders, somatoform disorders, and dissociative disorders

Question 7

Antianxiety drugs are also known as _______ and reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable.

A) SSRI drugs
B) uppers
C) tranquilizers
D) MAO inhibitors

Question 8

Janie has been prescribed Xanax, which is a(n) _______ and is used to treat ______.

A) antipsychotic drug; schizophrenia
B) SSRI drug; bipolar disorder
C) MAO inhibitor; depression
D) benzodiazepine; anxiety

Question 9

Carmen has been prescribed Librium. She should know that this drug can:

A) cause drowsiness, fatigue, and loss of coordination.
B) be addicting.
C) lead to depression if combined with antihistamines or alcohol.
D) all of the above.

Question 10

The three main types of _________ are tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and SSRI drugs.

A) antianxiety drugs
B) antidepressant drugs
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) lithium

Question 11

The ______, such as Elavil, reduce depressive symptoms in two to four weeks by increasing the level of certain neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and serotonin. These drugs may cause restlessness, faintness, trembling, sleepiness, and difficulty remembering.

A) tricyclics
B) MAO inhibitors
C) SSRI drugs
D) neuroleptics

Question 12

The _______, such as Nardil, are not widely used to treat depression because they are more toxic and tend to interact with certain foods, resulting in dangerous increases in blood pressure.

A) tricyclics
B) MAO inhibitors
C) SSRI drugs
D) benzodiazepines

Question 13

______, such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, reach depression by interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain.

A) Tricyclics
B) MAO inhibitors
C) SSRI drugs
D) Benzodiazepines

Question 14

SSRI drugs have been shown to have all of the following side effects EXCEPT:

A) insomnia, headache, and anxiety.
B) impairment of sexual functioning.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) severe withdrawal symptoms if their use is ended too abruptly.

Question 15

Lithium is the most widely prescribed drug for treating:

A) major depression.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) conversion disorders.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 16

Susie had extreme mood swings that devastated her life. These mood swings were greatly reduced when she was prescribed:

A) Thorazine.
B) Valium.
C) Risperdal.
D) Lithium.

Question 17

If Ralph has been prescribed an antipsychotic drug, he most likely is suffering from:

A) a somatoform disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) a dissociative disorder.
D) post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 18

The ______ are the most widely used class of antipsychotic drugs and work by blocking the dopamine system's action in the brain.

A) atypical antipsychotic medications
B) tricyclics
C) SSRI drugs
D) neuroleptics

Question 19

__________is the major side effect of neuroleptics and is characterized by grotesque, involuntary movements of the facial muscles and mouth and extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs.

A) Tardive dyskinesia
B) Convulsive reactivity
C) Narcolepsy
D) Waxy flexibility

Question 20

Virginia has been taking neuroleptics for over 15 years to control her schizophrenia. She has begun to shown involuntary movements of the facial muscles and mouth and her neck and arms have begun twitching. Virginia is most likely experiencing:

A) narcoplepsy.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) waxy flexibility.
D) convulsive reactivity.

Question 21

Dale has recently been prescribed Risperdal, which is considered a(n) _________ and will control his schizophrenia by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

A) atypical antipsychotic medication
B) tricyclic drug
C) a type of lithium
D) neuroleptic drug

Question 22

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), commonly called shock therapy, is used mainly to treat:

A) disorganized schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) major depression.
D) dissociative disorders.

Question 23

In administering ECT, the patient is:

A) typically conscious and aware of the procedure.
B) given anesthesia and muscle relaxants.
C) suffering form schizophrenia.
D) given antipsychotic drugs.

Question 24

According to research, overall ECT was shown to be:

A) as effective as cognitive therapy or drug therapy in treating depression.
B) more effective than cognitive therapy or drug therapy in treating depression.
C) less effective than cognitive therapy or drug therapy in treating depression.
D) more effective than cognitive therapy but less effective than drug therapy.

Question 25

Removing or destroying brain tissue as a method to improve a person's adjustment is called:

A) psychosurgery.
B) ECT.
C) phototherapy.
D) EMDR.

Question 26

Moniz developed a procedure known as _________, which involved severing the connections between specific brain structures.

A) ECT
B) EMDR
C) a prefrontal lobotomy
D) trepanning

Question 27

In a prefrontal lobotomy, the connections between the frontal lobe and the _______ are severed.

A) hippocampus
B) medulla
C) reticular formation
D) thalamus

Question 28

Since the 1960s, psychosurgery has become more precise with small lesions usually being made in the:

A) amygdala or another part of the limbic system.
B) medulla or another part of the hindbrain.
C) reticular formation.
D) frontal or temporal lobe.

Question 29

Which of the following therapeutic approaches stresses the importance of the unconscious as well as one's early childhood experiences?

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 30

Freud's therapeutic technique is called ________, and it provides tools to analyze the patient's________.

A) psychoanalysis; unconscious thoughts
B) rational-emotive therapy; beliefs
C) cognitive therapy; thinking patterns
D) Gestalt therapy; feelings

Question 31

___________ plays an important role in Freudian psychoanalysis.

A) Assimilation
B) Accommodation
C) Interpretation
D) Reflection

Question 32

What is the Freudian technique that encourages the patient to say aloud whatever comes to mind?

A) resistance
B) transference
C) catharsis
D) free association

Question 33

Linda is encouraged by her therapist to say aloud whatever comes into her mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. Linda's therapist is using the therapeutic technique known as:

A) catharsis.
B) free association.
C) transference.
D) reflection.

Question 34

_______ is the psychoanalytic term for the release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting experience.

A) Catharsis
B) Free association
C) Transference
D) Sublimation

Question 35

In talking to her therapist about the sexual abuse that she had experienced as a child, Nona felt like a "weighthad been lifted off her shoulders and all her pent-up anger and guilt had been released. According to Freud, Nona is experiencing:

A) transference.
B) sublimation.
C) catharsis.
D) resolution.

Question 36

The remembered part of a dream is called the ______; the symbolic aspect is the _______.

A) manifest content; latent content
B) latent content; manifest content
C) transference content; catharsis content
D) manifest content; catharsis content

Question 37

Deborah tells her therapist that she dreamed all night about little animals fighting each other. Her therapist interprets Deborah's dream to mean that she is having conflicts with her siblings The little animals would be the ______ content, while siblings would be the ________ content of the dream.

A) transference; catharsis
B) catharsis; transference
C) latent; manifest
D) manifest; latent

Question 38

Michael is using defense strategies to prevent his analyst from understanding his problems. This illustrates:

A) resistance.
B) catharsis.
C) rejection.
D) desensitization.

Question 39

One of Dr. Armand's clients has started showing up late for his sessions and has also been rather argumentative during the sessions. Dr. Armand also believes that this client has been faking some of his free association sessions. Dr. Armand's client is exhibiting:

A) disinhibition.
B) transference.
C) catharsis.
D) resistance.

Question 40

If patients relate to their analysts as if the analysts were significant persons in their lives, the process of_________ is occurring.

A) reflection
B) transference
C) catharsis
D) free association

Question 41

Gerean has begun to treat her therapist as if the therapist was her mother. Through this process known as _________, the therapist will be able to see how Gerean relates to her mother as well as other important people in her life.

A) transference
B) free association
C) catharsis
D) reflection

Question 42

Contemporary psychoanalytic approaches, unlike Freud's psychoanalysis, recognize the role of:

A) unconscious conflict.
B) interpretation of dreams.
C) early childhood experiences.
D) the conscious mind and social relationships.

Question 43

Kohut, a prominent contemporary psychodynamic theorist, advocates therapy that involves helping people to identify and seek out:

A) outlets for catharsis.
B) logical interpretations for their irrational beliefs.
C) appropriate relationships with others.
D) ways to become self-actualized.

Question 44

Which of the following would NOT be a good adjustment strategy based on the psychodynamic therapies?

A) Individuals who are attracted to psychodynamic therapy should explore which of the psychodynamic therapies might be the best match for their psychological problem.
B) Individuals should use defense mechanism often in order to reduce their level of anxiety.
C) Individuals should examine their childhood experiences.
D) Individuals should recognize that the reasons for their good or poor adjustments are likely beyond their conscious awareness.

Question 45

Which of the following would be considered an insight therapy?

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) all of the above.

Question 46

Unlike psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapies emphasize:

A) conscious rather than unconscious thought.
B) the past rather than the present.
C) illness rather than growth and self-fulfillment.
D) all of the above.

Question 47

___________therapies encourage people to understand themselves and to grow personally as well as emphasizing people's self-healing capacities.

A) Psychodynamic
B) Behavioral
C) Cognitive
D) Humanistic

Question 48

Glenda is going to a therapist who emphasizes conscious thought; dealing with the present, not the past; and developing an understanding of one's self in order to grow to one's potential. Glenda's therapist advocates which therapeutic approach?

A) Psychodynamic
B) Behavioral
C) Humanistic
D) Cognitive

Question 49

Client-centered therapy places emphasis on the client's:

A) unconscious conflicts.
B) self-reflection.
C) ability to discard self-defeating cognitions.
D) ability to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors.

Question 50

In ____________, the nondirective therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client's self-concept and encourage the client to gain insight about problems.

A) Rogers' client-centered therapy
B) Beck's cognitive therapy
C) Ellis' rational-emotive behavior therapy
D) Perl's Gestalt therapy

Question 51

The role of the therapist in client-centered therapy would be described as:

A) directive.
B) nondirective.
C) confrontational.
D) teacher.

Question 52

Rogers believed that each of us grows up in a world filled with ___________, that is, the sense of worth we receive from others has strings attached.

A) congruence
B) conditional positive regard
C) organismic valuing
D) a lack of validation

Question 53

Karen's self-esteem has improved since going to her client-centered therapist, who created a warm and caring therapeutic environment for Karen. Karen never feels disapproved of during her sessions because Karen's therapist provides:

A) calm, clear interpretations.
B) needed transference.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 54

Rogers advocated the use of _______, which involves letting a client know the therapist's feelings and not hiding behind a facade.

A) genuineness
B) transference
C) reflection
D) confrontation

Question 55

Margo's therapist gives her his total attention and then restates and supports what Margo has been saying, Margo's therapist is using the technique known as:

A) active listening.
B) transference.
C) congruence.
D) role playing.

Question 56

_________ therapy was developed by Fritz Perls and involves the therapist challenging the clients to help them become more aware of their feelings and to face their problems.

A) Client-centered
B) Gestalt
C) REBT
D) Psychoanalytic

Question 57

Dr. Seeto pushes his clients into deciding whether they will continue to allow the past to control their future or whether they will choose right now what they want to be in the future. Through this confrontation and through the use of role playing, Dr. Seeto hopes to encourage his clients to actively control their lives and to be open about and to manage their feelings. Dr. Seeto is most likely a _______ therapist.

A) behavioral
B) psychoanalytic
C) Gestalt
D) client-centered

Question 58

Dr. Smith confronts her clients when they say one thing but their facial expressions and body posture are saying the opposite. She encourages congruence between her clients' verbal and nonverbal behavior as well as encouraging them to be open about their feelings. Dr. Smith is most likely a _________ therapist.

A) Gestalt
B) psychoanalytic
C) client-centered
D) behavioral

Question 59

In Gestalt therapy, it is likely that the therapist will:

A) use free association.
B) analyze the clients' transference.
C) confront the clients to help them to be open about their feelings.
D) encourage the clients to discard self-defeating cognitions.

Question 60

___________ uses the principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.

A) Gestalt therapy
B) Behavior therapy
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Client-centered therapy

Question 61

Behavior therapies argue that overt maladaptive behavior is:

A) unconscious.
B) a sign of an underlying problem.
C) the problem.
D) a type of defense mechanism.

Question 62

Systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning are based on:

A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) the resolution of unconscious conflicts.
D) changing maladaptive thinking patterns.

Question 63

Dr. Aman treats people who have phobic disorders. He has the client relax and visualize the feared object, gradually increasing the intensity of the visualization as the client maintains relaxation. Dr. Aman is using:

A) aversive conditioning.
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) behavior modification.

Question 64

Systematic desensitization utilizes:

A) confrontation and role playing.
B) shaping and a token economy.
C) transference and cognitive restructuring.
D) a hierarchy and relaxation training.

Question 65

__________consists of repeated pairings of an undesirable behavior, such as drinking alcohol, with an unpleasant stimulus, such as nausea.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Resistance training
D) Confrontational therapy

Question 66

Kerry wants to stop smoking. So, she wears a rubber band around her wrist; and every time she reaches for a cigarette, she pops her wrist with the rubber band. Kerry is trying to associate cigarette smoking with pain. Kerry is attempting to use _________ to stop smoking.

A) confrontational therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) resistance training
D) aversive conditioning

Question 67

In the technique known as _____________, therapists aim to replace maladaptive behaviors with adaptive ones by ensuring that acceptable actions are reinforced and unacceptable ones are not.

A) aversive conditioning.
B) transference.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) behavior modification.

Question 68

Operant conditioning principles are applied in:

A) Gestalt therapy.
B) behavior modification.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 69

Loi's teacher gives the students gold stars for appropriate behaviors. The stars can then be traded for treats or special privileges at the end of the week. This illustrates:

A) rational-emotive behavior therapy.
B) a token economy.
C) transference.
D) detriangulation.

Question 70

_________ therapies emphasize that individuals' thoughts are the main source of abnormal behavior and psychological problems.

A) Gestalt
B) Behavior
C) Cognitive
D) Humanistic

Question 71

Cognitive therapists argue that _______ can cause abnormal behavior.

A) unconscious conflicts
B) the environment
C) thoughts
D) an imbalance of neurotransmitters

Question 72

Becky's therapist guides her in identifying her self-defeating thoughts and then uses various techniques to help Becky challenge these thoughts and to consider different, more positive ways of thinking. This procedure utilized by Becky's therapist is called:

A) transference.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) detriangulation.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Question 73

_______________ is based on Albert Ellis' assertion that individuals develop psychological disorders because of irrational and self-defeating beliefs.

A) Gestalt therapy
B) Client-centered therapy
C) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
D) Systematic desensitization therapy

Question 74

The focus of rational-emotive behavior therapy is:

A) gaining insight into the unconscious mind.
B) teaching clients how to get in touch with their inner self.
C) learning to relax when experiencing anxiety.
D) challenging irrational beliefs.

Question 75

Cierra's therapist is very directive and confrontational as she shows Cierra how to dispute her irrational beliefs. Cierra's therapist is using:

A) Beck's cognitive therapy.
B) Rational-emotive behavioral therapy.
C) Client-centered therapy.
D) Aversive conditioning.

Question 76

_________ resembles an open-ended dialogue in which the therapist helps individuals to identify their automatic thoughts and to challenge the accuracy of these automatic thoughts.

A) Beck's cognitive therapy
B) Rational-emotive behavioral therapy
C) Systematic desensitization
D) Aversive conditioning

Question 77

According to Beck, psychological problems, such as depression, are the result of:

A) unconscious conflicts.
B) illogical thinking.
C) conditional positive regard.
D) maladaptive behaviors being reinforced.

Question 78

Which therapy argues that absolutist thinking, overgeneralization, and magnifying the importance of undesirable events can lead to psychological problems, such as depression?

A) Freudian psychoanalysis
B) Wolpe's systematic desensitization
C) Aversive conditioning
D) Beck's cognitive therapy

Question 79

Which of the following is/are adjustment strategies based on Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy?

A) Individuals can decatastrophize events.
B) Individuals can engage in thought stopping.
C) Individuals can fantasize consequences about a feared situation.
D) All of the above are strategies based on Beck's cognitive therapy.

Question 80

Self-instructional methods and the use of reinforcing self-statements are a part of:

A) Gestalt therapy.
B) Cognitive-behavior therapy.
C) Systematic desensitization.
D) Client-centered therapy.