Deck 11: Reducing Your Risk of Diabetes and Other Chronic Diseases

Question 1

Which of the following is a chronic condition, as opposed to a chronic disease?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Cancer
C) Osteoporosis
D) Back pain

Answer 1

Back pain

Question 2

Risk for chronic diseases can be reduced by which of the following behaviors?

A) Following a healthy diet
B) Living a sedentary life
C) Smoking
D) Getting vaccinated

Answer 2

Following a healthy diet

Question 3

According to the CDC, nearly ________ of American adults have at least one chronic disease.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

A physical condition that develops gradually and persists for months or years is known as what?

A) Acute disease
B) Chronic disease
C) Underlying illness
D) Morbidity

Question 5

Diabetes is characterized by the inability to properly produce or use

A) insulin.
B) red blood cells.
C) blood sugar.
D) platelets.

Question 6

________ is the fastest-growing chronic disease in America.

A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B) Diabetes
C) Arthritis
D) Osteoporosis

Question 7

According to statistics, ________ of all Americans born after 2000 could develop diabetes by 2050.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) one-quarter

Question 8

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease involving insulin production?

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Type 2 diabetes
D) AIDS

Question 9

Type 2 diabetes can often be controlled by

A) vaccinations.
B) blood transfusions.
C) following a prescribed diet.
D) dialysis.

Question 10

Blood glucose levels in a type 1 diabetic can be affected by

A) the release of insulin from the pancreas.
B) exposure to pollen.
C) dust mites.
D) stress levels.

Question 11

In type 2 diabetes

A) the pancreas doesn't produce insulin.
B) the cells that produce insulin are destroyed.
C) body cells become resistant to insulin.
D) not enough glucose is released into the blood.

Question 12

The medical term for elevated blood levels of glucose is

A) hypoglycemia.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) hyperlipidemia.
D) hypolipidemia.

Question 13

Hyperglycemia can damage which of the following?

A) Bronchi
B) Nerves
C) Hearing
D) Joints

Question 14

Gestational diabetes can increase the risk of

A) developing type 2 diabetes.
B) developing type 1 diabetes.
C) developing hypertension.
D) genetic disorders in the fetus.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gestational diabetes?

A) In gestational diabetes, the mother passes diabetes to her newborn.
B) Gestational diabetes increases the mother's risk of developing type 1 diabetes in the future.
C) After the mother gives birth, her glucose usually returns to normal levels.
D) Gestational diabetes is a form of juvenile-onset diabetes.

Question 16

A common symptom of uncontrolled diabetes is

A) excessive thirst.
B) joint pain.
C) fractured bones.
D) difficulty breathing.

Question 17

Which type of carbohydrates reduces your cells' sensitivity to insulin?

A) Complex
B) Soluble fiber
C) Refined
D) Insoluble fiber

Question 18

Consistent physical activity plus a healthy diet can cut your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by nearly

A) 60%.
B) 50%.
C) 40%.
D) 30%.

Question 19

According to research, which of the following ethnic groups is least likely to develop type 2 diabetes?

A) Caucasians
B) Native Americans
C) African Americans
D) Hispanic Americans

Question 20

A condition that is characterized by blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet diabetic is known as what?

A) Pre-diabetes
B) Type 1 diabetes
C) Insulin disease
D) Gestational diabetes

Question 21

Which of these is a common symptom of diabetes?

A) Back pain
B) Low blood glucose
C) Excessive thirst
D) Reduced urine output

Question 22

A disorder in which the body's immune system creates antibodies that attack the person's own living cells is classified as which type of disease?

A) Chronic
B) Acute
C) Immune
D) Autoimmune

Question 23

John smokes, is sedentary, has a BMI of 30, and is Asian American. Which of these factors decreases his risk for diabetes?

A) Smoking
B) Physical inactivity
C) BMI of 30
D) Being Asian American

Question 24

Which of the following is primarily caused by smoking?

A) Emphysema
B) Diabetes
C) Arthritis
D) Asthma

Question 25

Emphysema destroys the

A) alveoli.
B) bronchioles.
C) bronchial tubes.
D) esophagus.

Question 26

Which of the following can trigger an asthma attack?

A) Elevated blood sugar level
B) Destruction of alveoli
C) Diminished bone mass
D) Strenuous exercise

Question 27

In asthma, which of the following becomes inflamed and filled with mucus?

A) Joints
B) Alveoli
C) Bronchial tubes
D) Pancreas

Question 28

While running outdoors during a winter morning, John began to experience wheezing and shortness of breath. These are most likely symptoms of

A) exercise-induced asthma.
B) allergy-induced asthma.
C) cancer.
D) emphysema.

Question 29

The device used to open restricted airways in people with asthma is a(n)

A) inhalant.
B) respirator.
C) inhaler.
D) gas mask.

Question 30

In which lung disease do air passages to and within the lungs "overreact" to smoke or other triggers?

A) Emphysema
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Lung cancer
D) Asthma

Question 31

Which disease involves inflammation of the bronchi?

A) Emphysema
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Lung cancer
D) Diabetes

Question 32

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic bronchitis?

A) Increased mucus
B) Excessive thirst
C) Loss of consciousness
D) Stooped posture

Question 33

Which of the following can lead to chronic bronchitis?

A) High intake of refined carbohydrates
B) Frequent wood-burning fireplace use
C) Low calcium intake
D) Lack of exercise

Question 34

People who have emphysema have a hard time exhaling. As a result, they develop a physical characteristic called

A) black lung.
B) blue body.
C) barrel chest.
D) puffer-face.

Question 35

________ causes bones to become thin.

A) Cancer
B) Osteoporosis
C) Cardiovascular disease
D) Arthritis

Question 36

A condition of diminished bone mass is called

A) osteopenia.
B) arthritis.
C) osteoarthritis.
D) osteogenesis.

Question 37

Osteoporosis can cause which of the following?

A) Wheezing
B) Increased risk for fractures
C) Increased body fat
D) Inflammation of the joints

Question 38

Increased intake of which of the following can help prevent osteoporosis?

A) Calcium
B) Caffeine
C) Alcohol
D) Vitamin C

Question 39

A woman is at greatest risk for osteoporosis when she is

A) pre-pubescent.
B) post-menopausal.
C) peri-menopausal.
D) pre-menopausal.

Question 40

The mineral ________ is needed by the body to build strong bones.

A) copper
B) calcium
C) selenium
D) folate

Question 41

For which of the following age groups is the need for calcium the highest?

A) Adolescents
B) 19- to 50-year-olds
C) People over 50
D) Infants

Question 42

________ transports calcium from the digestive tract to the bones.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Vitamin D

Question 43

________ is a group of joint diseases.

A) Osteoporosis
B) Osteopenia
C) Arthritis
D) Osteoarthritis

Question 44

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding osteoporosis?

A) Bone density decreases as estrogen levels increase.
B) Low bone density is obvious due to the many symptoms that accompany this condition.
C) Bone density can be improved with regular, weight-bearing exercise.
D) Bone density assessments are painful and difficult to perform.

Question 45

Your aunt is concerned about developing osteoporosis. Which type of exercise would you advise her to practice to reduce her risk of developing this condition?

A) Swimming
B) Water aerobics
C) Resistance training
D) Cycling

Question 46

Molly's mother had osteoporosis, so she knows she's at risk for it too. She is similar to her mother physically (Caucasian, petite, 5 feet tall, and 105 pounds). Molly wants to make an effort to avoid osteoporosis when she enters menopause. She is taking all the right vitamins and minerals, but isn't sure what the best food choices are. What would you advise Molly to have for a typical breakfast to help prevent osteoporosis?

A) Pancakes with bacon
B) Yogurt and fruit
C) An omelet with peppers and onions
D) Instant whole-grain oatmeal

Question 47

Osteoarthritis involves breakdown of the

A) bones.
B) cardiovascular system.
C) cartilage.
D) muscles.

Question 48

Osteoarthritis can affect the

A) hips.
B) lungs.
C) pancreas.
D) bronchial tubes.

Question 49

________ causes the body's immune system to attack the joints.

A) Osteoarthritis
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Synovial fluid
D) Lupus

Question 50

The little projections created by bone grinding on bone are known as

A) alveoli.
B) bone spurs.
C) chondroitins.
D) placebos.

Question 51

At what age does rheumatoid arthritis typically appear?

A) 5-15 years
B) 25-40 years
C) 40-55 years
D) 55-75 years

Question 52

Which of the following joint symptoms can be used to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis from osteoarthritis?

A) Warmth to the touch
B) Pain
C) Stiffness
D) Swelling

Question 53

Which of the following increases a person's risk for developing osteoarthritis?

A) Obesity
B) Swimming
C) Adolescence
D) Having a close relative with this condition

Question 54

Which of the following would be the best form of exercise to engage in to reduce the risk of developing arthritis?

A) Football
B) Swimming
C) Basketball
D) Boxing

Question 55

All of the following are common treatments to ease the pain of arthritis except

A) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
B) insulin injections.
C) massage.
D) glucosamine and chondroitin supplements.

Question 56

Chronic diseases are interrelated.

Question 57

All chronic diseases are characterized by sudden onset.

Question 58

Lifestyle choices can affect a person's risk for chronic disease.

Question 59

Insulin increases blood glucose levels.

Question 60

Over time, high blood glucose levels can result in blindness.

Question 61

People who have type 2 diabetes should avoid exercise.

Question 62

Asthma can be triggered by exposure to environmental pollutants.

Question 63

Risk factors for osteoporosis can begin to develop during childhood.

Question 64

People who have pulmonary disorders should completely avoid exercise.

Question 65

For someone with advanced osteoporosis, simply sneezing can cause a bone to break.

Question 66

People who have osteoporosis should participate only in non-weight-bearing exercise, such as swimming.

Question 67

Large-framed, overweight women are at greater risk for osteoporosis than thin, small-framed women.

Question 68

Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic.

Question 69

Vitamin C helps transport calcium out of the digestive tract and deliver it to bone-building cells.

Question 70

The risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis is greater than the risk for developing osteoarthritis.

Question 71

Hormone deficiency in women after menopause contributes to the risk of developing arthritis.

Question 72

James is a 45-year-old obese man with diabetes. Explain the importance of exercise and diet in controlling his diabetes.

Question 73

List and explain three types of chronic diseases.

Question 74

List and explain three types of chronic diseases.

Question 75

Contrast and compare the two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 76

If you were creating a diet and exercise program for a 60-year-old post-menopausal woman, what are five recommendations you would make?

Question 77

Explain why physical inactivity leads to bone thinning.