Deck 10: Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively known as which of the following?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Angina pectoris
D) Arrhythmia

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in males and females?

A) It IS the leading cause of death in America for men but not for women.
B) It IS the leading cause of death in America for women but not for men.
C) It IS NOT the leading cause of death for men or for women.
D) It IS the leading cause of death in America for both men and women.

Answer 2

It IS the leading cause of death in America for both men and women.

Question 3

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in middle-age adults is approximately

A) 40%.
B) 10%.
C) 60%.
D) 70%.

Answer 3

40%.

Question 4

________ is the leading cause of death in the United States.

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Diabetes
C) Cancer
D) Pneumonia

Question 5

Cardiovascular disease and ________ account for approximately 29% of U.S. deaths each year.

A) diabetes
B) lung cancer
C) stroke
D) leukemia

Question 6

Researchers suggest that completely eliminating cardiovascular disease in the United States would increase our average life expectancy by

A) 3 years.
B) 7 years.
C) 10 years.
D) 14 years.

Question 7

In a healthy cardiovascular system, arterial walls are

A) weak and thin.
B) strong and elastic.
C) thin and tight.
D) strong and tight.

Question 8

A fatty, waxy buildup in a blood vessel is called a(n)

A) arteriole.
B) stenosis.
C) atheroma.
D) embolism.

Question 9

Plaques are defined as

A) hardened arteries.
B) accumulated waxy debris in arteries.
C) high blood pressure.
D) narrow arteries.

Question 10

Arterial stenosis is

A) hardened arteries.
B) accumulated waxy debris in arteries.
C) high blood pressure.
D) narrowing of the arteries.

Question 11

Arterial stenosis can cause

A) hypotension.
B) ruptured arteries.
C) increased blood flow.
D) obesity.

Question 12

Inflammation of the arteries can be caused by

A) obesity.
B) increased HDL cholesterol.
C) disease-causing bacteria.
D) hot weather.

Question 13

What role does the herpes virus play in cardiovascular disease?

A) It causes a sudden myocardial infarction while the virus is dormant.
B) Herpes simplex virus 2 sores can cause blood clots.
C) It contributes to inflammation of artery walls.
D) It increases LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 14

Homocysteine and C-reactive proteins are indicators of

A) atherosclerosis.
B) inflammation of inner linings of artery walls.
C) a person's lifestyle habits.
D) hypertension.

Question 15

Hardening or stiffening of the arteries as plaque accumulates at injury sites in the inner linings of the arteries is known as

A) myocardial infarction.
B) arterial stenosis.
C) metabolic syndrome.
D) atherosclerosis.

Question 16

Which of the following is typical of diastolic blood pressure?

A) It declines after age 55.
B) It declines until age 55.
C) It increases after age 55.
D) It remains constant throughout life.

Question 17

Pressure applied to the walls of the arteries during the heart's relaxation phase is known as ________ pressure.

A) diastolic
B) systolic
C) blood
D) arterial

Question 18

Pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts is known as ________ pressure.

A) diastolic
B) systolic
C) blood
D) arterial

Question 19

________ is the most common form of cardiovascular disease.

A) Angina pectoris
B) Hypertension
C) Coronary heart disease
D) Arrhythmia

Question 20

In a blood pressure reading of 110/70, 110 represents ________ pressure and 70 represents ________ pressure.

A) systolic; diastolic
B) diastolic; systolic
C) high; low
D) normal; below normal

Question 21

Hypertension can cause which of the following?

A) Blood vessel damage
B) Obesity
C) Diabetes
D) Low blood pressure

Question 22

At what age do women have a higher incidence of hypertension than men?

A) 55
B) Under 55
C) Over 80
D) Between 40 and 60

Question 23

Which of the following is classified as Stage 1 hypertension?

A) 120/80
B) 139/89
C) 140/90
D) 160/100

Question 24

________ is the medical term for a heart attack.

A) Cardiovascular disease (CVD )
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
D) Myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 25

Chest pain due to ischemia is called

A) angina pectoris.
B) arrhythmia.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) tachycardia.

Question 26

Nitroglycerin tablets are recommended to address which condition?

A) Coronary heart disease
B) Angina pectoris
C) Arrhythmia
D) Hypertension

Question 27

A sporadic, quivering heartbeat pattern is known as what?

A) Fibrillation
B) Bradycardia
C) Ischemia
D) Tachycardia

Question 28

An irregular heartbeat is known as

A) arterial stenosis.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) arrhythmia.
D) angina pectoris.

Question 29

Congestive heart failure results in

A) infection.
B) birth defects.
C) an enlarged heart.
D) an accumulation of plaque in artery walls.

Question 30

Hemorrhagic stroke is defined as stroke resulting from

A) a plaque-blocked vessel.
B) a burst blood vessel.
C) exposure to secondhand smoke.
D) an enlarged heart.

Question 31

The audible sound of an irregular heart valve allowing turbulent blood flow through the heart is known as a

A) stroke.
B) heart murmur.
C) transient ischemic attack.
D) plaque.

Question 32

Heart disease present at birth is known as

A) coronary heart disease.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) arterial stenosis.
D) congenital heart disease.

Question 33

Blockage of blood flow to the brain is known as

A) myocardial infarction.
B) stroke.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) hypertension.

Question 34

Which symptom of a heart attack is more likely in men than in women?

A) Pain between the shoulder blades
B) Shortness of breath
C) Pain in the center of the chest
D) Fatigue

Question 35

Which of the following factors increases a person's risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) a low stress level
B) smoking
C) a diet low in saturated fats
D) an active lifestyle

Question 36

Cigarette smokers are ________ more likely to develop coronary heart disease than nonsmokers.

A) 1-2 times
B) 2-4 times
C) 10-15 times
D) 25 times

Question 37

Nicotine causes which of the following?

A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased blood pressure
C) Less oxygen used by the heart muscle
D) Decreased heart output

Question 38

The greatest preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is

A) poor diet.
B) moderate alcohol intake.
C) physical inactivity.
D) smoking.

Question 39

________ fats can increase blood cholesterol levels.

A) Saturated and monounsaturated
B) Monounsaturated and trans
C) Trans and saturated
D) HDL and trans

Question 40

The role of HDL cholesterol is to

A) increase cholesterol levels.
B) cause plaque to deposit on arteries.
C) lower high blood pressure.
D) remove plaque deposits from artery walls.

Question 41

The best method of evaluating risk from blood cholesterol is to

A) get an EKG.
B) confer with a general practitioner physician.
C) examine the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol.
D) measure your daily intake of trans fat.

Question 42

Which of the following is known as "good cholesterol"?

A) LDL
B) CVD
C) HDL
D) MI

Question 43

Which of the following is known as "bad cholesterol"?

A) LDL
B) CVD
C) HDL
D) MI

Question 44

The heart works harder to transport blood in people who

A) are overweight.
B) are normal weight.
C) are underweight.
D) store more fat on their hips.

Question 45

Moderate physical activity ________ one's risk for cardiovascular disease.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) has no effect on
D) is less effective than exercise for decreasing

Question 46

A cluster of obesity-related risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is known as

A) hyperlipidemia.
B) congenital heart disease.
C) transient ischemic attack.
D) metabolic syndrome.

Question 47

Stress can increase risk for cardiovascular disease by

A) increasing the body's immune capacity.
B) decreasing blood pressure.
C) preventing blood clotting.
D) causing heart rhythm abnormalities.

Question 48

High intake of which substance is associated with a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) Saturated fat
B) Sodium
C) Fiber
D) Refined carbohydrates

Question 49

Excessive alcohol intake contributes to which of the following risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A) Decreased triglycerides
B) Increased blood pressure
C) Decreased risk for obesity
D) Increased thinning of blood

Question 50

The majority of heart attacks occur in which age group?

A) Over 65
B) 45-65
C) 40-55
D) 25-40

Question 51

The D in the DASH diet stands for

A) desirable.
B) diabetes.
C) dietary.
D) disease.

Question 52

The DASH diet recommends increased intake of

A) sodium.
B) foods high in sugar.
C) fruits and vegetables.
D) saturated fats.

Question 53

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease can begin to develop in adolescence or earlier.

Question 54

Cardiovascular disease can cause damage to other internal organs.

Question 55

Bacterial and viral infections can contribute to cardiovascular disease.

Question 56

Stroke is also known as the "silent killer."

Question 57

Tachycardia is a form of arrhythmia that causes a slow heart rate.

Question 58

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States.

Question 59

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases a nonsmoker's risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 60

Smoking contributes to cardiovascular disease in multiple ways.

Question 61

The type of fat that most increases risk for cardiovascular disease is monounsaturated.

Question 62

Triglycerides can promote atherosclerosis.

Question 63

Physical inactivity increases risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 64

Metabolic syndrome is associated with a low body weight.

Question 65

Moderate alcohol intake may have some cardiovascular benefits.

Question 66

Genetics play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease.

Question 67

Three years after quitting smoking, the risk of death from heart disease and stroke for people who smoked a pack a day or less is almost the same as for people who never smoked.

Question 68

Decreased sugar levels in the blood greatly increase the risk for heart disease.

Question 69

Discuss at least three differences in the ways that men and women develop and experience heart disease.

Question 70

Discuss the causes and treatment for atherosclerosis.

Question 71

List and explain five different types of cardiovascular diseases.

Question 72

List three warning signs of stroke

Question 73

Name five controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Question 74

James is a 34-year-old African American male with hypertension and high blood levels of triglycerides. He also smokes, is inactive, and obese. Explain how James can lower his risks for cardiovascular disease by modifying his lifestyle.

Question 75

List and explain the three main components of the DASH diet.