Deck 13: Implementation, Dissemination, and Diffusion of Public Health Interventions

Question 1

The most frequently cited dissemination and implementation model is the:

A) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
B) Diffusion of Innovations
C) RE-AIM
D) Precede-Proceed Model
E) Availability, Responsiveness and Continuity (ARC)

Answer 1

Diffusion of Innovations

Question 2

Which is NOT a stage that helps explain the adoption process in the Diffusion of Innovations model?

A) Awareness
B) Persuasion
C) Research
D) Decision
E) Confirmation

Answer 2

Research

Question 3

Which is NOT one of the major domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)?

A) Intervention characteristics
B) Outer setting
C) Inner setting
D) Characteristics of the individuals involved
E) Awareness

Answer 3

Awareness

Question 4

Strategies to improve dissemination and implementation include:

A) Targeting specific audiences in specific settings
B) Involving stakeholders in research and evaluation
C) Passive approaches to disseminating results
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 5

Organization innovativeness is primarily influenced by:

A) Structural determinants
B) Age of employees
C) Educational attainment of managers
D) Passive on-the-job training
E) High levels of regulation

Question 6

In the Pool Cool Skin Cancer Prevention Program:

A) Diffusion of Innovations was not an effective theoretical model for the study
B) The non-experimental design made it difficult to test the effectiveness of the intervention
C) Implementation, dissemination, and evaluation required building effective relationships with organizational and recreational sites at multiple levels
D) Results indicated no improvement in sunscreen use or sun-protection habits in the intervention group
E) Based on the pilot intervention, researchers decided it was not cost-effective to scale-up the program

Question 7

Designing for dissemination refers to:

A) The process of ensuring that public health interventions are developed to match the needs and time frames of adopters
B) The recognition that the diversity of public health settings is an opportunity and a challenge for effective intervention dissemination
C) The process of preparing interventions to be published in academic journals
D) Always using evidence-based interventions
E) None of the above

Question 8

In the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the outer setting domain is defined as the:

A) Key attributes of interventions, which influence the success of implementation
B) Features of the structural, political, and cultural contexts in the intervention setting
C) Characteristics of individuals involved in the intervention and implementation process
D) Economic, political, and social context within which an organization resides
E) Steps to an active change process to achieve individual and organizational level use of the intervention

Question 9

Dissemination and implementation science:

A) Requires the development of practical outcomes that are measureable and valid
B) Would benefit from increased measures at the population level
C) Lacks adequate proximal measures of processes and outcomes
D) Would benefit from increased operationalization of the core constructs
E) All of the above

Question 10

Which is NOT a key innovation concept in Diffusion of Innovations?

A) Cost
B) Simplicity
C) Relative advantage
D) Compatibility
E) Issue importance

Question 11

Almost all public health research is translated into practice and/or policy.

Question 12

According to Diffusion of Innovations, innovators make up the majority of the overall population.

Question 13

The Pool Cool Skin Cancer Prevention Program utilized principles from the Diffusion of Innovations Model.

Question 14

Dissemination and implementation typically occur naturally as a result of research.

Question 15

Sociologists researching the spread of agricultural innovations developed the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Question 16

One critique of Diffusion of Innovations is that there is too much focus on individual innovators and not enough emphasis on systems.

Question 17

The growth of the implementation science field provides an important opportunity to research and promote dissemination and implementation in the field of public health.

Question 18

The Affordability Care Act deemphasizes dissemination and implementation.

Question 19

Matching interventions to the needs and timelines of researchers is a powerful predictor of dissemination.

Question 20

Characteristics of the innovation, but not of the adopters, predict the speed of diffusion.

Question 21

Designing for dissemination requires considerations or changes in the system, process, and product domains. Explain these three domains and provide an example of a specific action in each that may increase dissemination.

Question 22

In large randomized control trials, calorie restrictions in combination with regular exercise have been shown to prevent the onset of diabetes in pre-diabetic individuals. You are charged with implementing a similar program in your community. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, describe how you could use the model as guide. Be specific.