Deck 4: Health Belief Model Hbm

Question 1

According to the Health Belief Model, all of the following are characteristics that promote positive health behavior change EXCEPT:

A) Belief that a person is susceptible to the condition/disease
B) Availability of a behavior(s) that reduce susceptibility to the condition
C) More barriers than benefits to taking action
D) Health outcome has serious consequences
E) Serious consequences may result from inaction

Answer 1

More barriers than benefits to taking action

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a key construct of the Health Belief Model?

A) Self-efficacy
B) Socio-demographic variables
C) Perceived benefits
D) Perceived threat
E) Perceived susceptibility

Answer 2

Socio-demographic variables

Question 3

The Health Belief Model (HBM) recognizes that social and demographic factors influence the relationship between health beliefs and health behaviors. Which of the following is a limitation of the HBM related to socio-demographic variables?

A) The model does not specify how socio-demographic factors interact with the other constructs in the model
B) Only select demographic variables are considered (age, sex), while others are omitted (race/ethnicity, socio-economic status)
C) HBM requires researchers to obtain complete socio-demographic information for the target population before intervention implementation
D) The model is most effective with low socio-economic status (SES) populations and less effective with high SES populations
E) Self-efficacy, cues to action, and socio-demographic factors are immeasurable constructs

Answer 3

The model does not specify how socio-demographic factors interact with the other constructs in the model

Question 4

The Health Belief Model (HBM) was developed in the 1950's. Which of the following statements about the origins of the HBM is NOT true (incorrect)?

A) It was developed to better understand why individuals with access to tuberculosis screening were not undergoing testing
B) The key constructs were partly based on Cognitive Theory
C) The HBM incorporates components of value-expectancy models
D) Brenner's stimulus-response experiments directly informed the development of the HBM
E) HBM was developed to better understand people's behaviors related to disease detection opportunities

Question 5

In studies using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which was found to be an important cue to action in four of six studies?

A) Having a friend of family member with HPV
B) Physician recommendation of the HPV vaccine
C) Parental pressure to receive the HPV vaccine
D) Television advertisements for the HPV vaccine
E) Free and anonymous HPV vaccine

Question 6

The program Colon Testing: Celebrating Life for Years to Come was a HBM- intervention to increase colon cancer screening among African American men. Which of the following is TRUE about the intervention?

A) Men in both groups were equally likely to undergo colon cancer screening
B) Researchers concluded that the HBM was not an appropriate theory to promote colon cancer screening
C) Study instruments were not tested for validity and reliability, possibly accounting for the limited increase in screening among the intervention group
D) Men who watched the videos with their partners were more likely to receive screening than those who watched alone
E) Those receiving the tailored intervention were more likely to speak with their healthcare provider about colon cancer screening compared to the non-tailored intervention group

Question 7

All of the following are examples of perceived barriers to EXCEPT:

A) Loss of work time
B) Increased social support
C) Increased anxiety
D) Pain
E) Stigma from peers

Question 8

Perceived threat is defined as:

A) Risk of disease based on family history
B) Perceived susceptibility x perceived severity
C) Perceived benefits - perceived barriers
D) Genetic predisposition + socio-environmental conditions

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a strength of the Health Belief Model?

A) It can be applied to many health behaviors
B) It has been widely used by researchers since the 1950's
C) The relationships between each of the constructs are well defined
D) It can be tailored to individual needs
E) The constructs are relatively intuitive and do not require extensive training to understand

Question 10

A woman with a family history of alcohol abuse understands that the disease includes a genetic component and can result in serious health and social consequences. Regardless, she chooses to regularly drink alcohol. This example demonstrates all of the following EXCEPT:

A) She believes she is susceptible to the condition
B) The condition may have serious consequences
C) The benefits of abstaining from alcohol are greater than the barriers
D) Action is available and may reduce risk of the condition
E) The perceived benefits to taking action are not greater than the perceived barriers

Question 11

The Health Belief Model is an extension of Stimulus-Response Theory, which posits that events affect physiological drives that activate behaviors.

Question 12

Concern about weight gain as a result of quitting smoking is an example of the construct perceived barriers.

Question 13

The construct perceived susceptibility has not been well defined or systematically studied.

Question 14

The Health Belief Model recognizes the importance of demographic, structural, and psychosocial variables in influence behavior, yet does not specify how these factors interact with the constructs of the model.

Question 15

Structural equation modeling testing multiple pathways of the Health Belief Model may provide new insight about the independent effects of perceived benefits and barriers on health behaviors.

Question 16

Critical reviews of the HBM have found that perceived severity and perceived susceptibility were the strongest predictors of health behaviors.

Question 17

The Health Belief Model can be used to explain change of health behaviors and/or as a guiding framework for developing interventions to change health behaviors.

Question 18

Tailored messaging refers all study participants receiving the same health messages to address the most relevant perceived barriers for the population.

Question 19

Self-efficacy describes internal or external factors that instigate action to modify a behavior.

Question 20

The Health Belief Model is more effective for predicting behaviors than explaining behaviors.

Question 21

The Health Belief Model posits that people are likely to engage in a health behavior if they meet five conditions. Select a health behavior of your choice and explain the five conditions apply. Please be specific.

Question 22

While the Health Belief Model has been widely used to both explain and predict health behaviors since the 1950's, there are still many limitations to the model. Describe two limitations of the model and what types of studies are needed to address these limitations