Deck 5: The Transformation of Eastern Europe, 1648-1740

Question 1

In 1648, the number of sovereign states making up the Holy Roman Empire was

A) under ten.
B) between ten and fifteen.
C) between 100 and 200.
D) over 300.

Answer 1

over 300.

Question 2

The Holy Roman Empire after 1648

A) created a strong central administration under the Habsburgs.
B) maintained the "Germanic liberties" (freedom of the member states from central control).
C) eliminated the election of emperors.
D) created a strong central administration under the Hohenzollerns (the Prussian royal family).

Answer 2

eliminated the election of emperors.

Question 3

The "knights of the Empire" were in effect

A) private persons enjoying sovereign status.
B) the only "modern" social group in the Holy Roman Empire.
C) the emperor's personal bodyguard.
D) A and B

Answer 3

private persons enjoying sovereign status.

Question 4

Economically, the Holy Roman Empire after 1648

A) prospered greatly.
B) founded several colonies.
C) established a stock exchange in the 1660s.
D) stagnated or declined.

Question 5

Extraterritorial privileges granted by the Ottoman Empire

A) gave Europeans territory within the empire.
B) exempted Europeans from the laws of the empire.
C) gave Turks the right to seize property from Jews and Christians residing inside the empire.
D) gave Turks the right to retain any goods they had seized from infidels from outside the territory of the empire.

Question 6

Internally, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule after 1648 by doing all of the following except

A) striving to create a uniform national feeling behind their rule.
B) striving to repress Protestantism and convert their peoples to Catholicism.
C) making their rule hereditary rather than elective.
D) cultivating the service of a cosmopolitan aristocracy.

Question 7

The Pragmatic Sanction

A) allowed the Emperor Charles VI to divorce his wife and remarry.
B) provided that the diverse holdings of the Habsburgs were indivisible and inheritable by one specified line of heirs.
C) provided, on the extinction of the Habsburg line, for the Bourbons to acquire the throne of Austria.
D) provided, on the extinction of the Habsburg line, for their possessions to be divided between the Hohenzollerns and the House of Hanover.

Question 8

The first Russian ruler to assume the title of tsar was

A) Peter the Great.
B) Ivan the Terrible.
C) Michael Romanov.
D) Ivan III.

Question 9

Peter's subjugation of the Russian Orthodox church to the control of the government

A) demonstrated the great differences between Russian and Western religious institutions.
B) was necessitated by the church's corruption.
C) succeeded in partially healing the schism with the Old Believers.
D) had parallels with Henry VIII's creation of the Anglican church.

Question 10

The primary reason for Peter's "westernizing" of Russia was

A) his love for European civilization.
B) his desire to modernize the Russian economy.
C) his desire to strengthen the Russian army and state.
D) his belief in a more egalitarian society.

Question 11

Which of the following statements best describes Peter's form of rule over Russia?

A) It resembled Louis XIV's absolutism, but it lacked the western countries' legal regularity.
B) It had many defects, but at least provide for a clear and orderly transmission of power upon the death of a ruler.
C) Peter succeeded in making the Russian economy resemble other European economies by abolishing many medieval practices.
D) Peter brought the people and the government closer together by modernizing Russia.

Question 12

Both Louis XIV and Peter the Great established royal absolutism in their countries. Compare and contrast their policies, methods, and the results.

Question 13

What role did the military play in the emergence of Russia and Prussia as major powers in the 17th and early 18th centuries?

Question 14

To what extent did Peter carry out a "revolution" in Russia? Be sure to examine the social, political, and economic aspects of his policies.

Question 15

Describe the means by which, between 1648 and 1711, the house of Habsburg managed to rebuild its power and refound its empire after the disastrous losses of the Thirty Years' War.

Question 16

Consider the Holy Roman Empire or the Ottoman Empire. How did the failure to become more "modern" lead to decline?

Question 17

What were the "Germanic liberties" and sovereign rights of the states within the Holy Roman Empire after the Thirty Years' War?

Question 18

How did the Turks treat non-Muslim subjects living within their empire?

Question 19

What made the Austrian empire international and cosmopolitan?

Question 20

How did Frederick William, the Great Elector, contribute to the modernization of Prussia?

Question 21

How did Prussian militarism limit social mobility?

Question 22

In what ways was Russia considered both a European and non-European nation in the seventeenth century?

Question 23

Why did serfdom strengthen as an institution in the east and decline in the west from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries?

Question 24

What events and transformations account for the changes seen in the Holy Roman Empire, the Republic of Poland, and the Ottoman Empire between 1660 and 1795?

Question 25

How did the house of Austria acquire such an extensive empire? Refer To: Ref. 05_03

Question 26

How and when did the Habsburgs gain such considerable territories from the Turks?

Question 27

How did the culture of militarism facilitate Prussian expansion?

Question 28

What areas did Peter, Catherine the Great, and Tsar Alexander I acquire for the Russian empire?

Question 29

Why did Peter focus his territorial ambitions on the Baltic?

Question 30

Why was the founding of St. Petersburg significant within the context of Peter's modernizing and westernizing initiatives?