Deck 12: Revolutions and the Reimposition of Order, 1848-1870

Question 1

The main consequence of the Revolutions of 1848 was

A) to strengthen the more liberal forces in Europe.
B) to strengthen the more conservative forces in Europe.
C) to strengthen the more radical forces.
D) to strengthen the more radical forces in Russia and Austria and the more conservative forces in England.

Answer 1

to strengthen the more conservative forces in Europe.

Question 2

The Habsburgs were able to suppress the Hungarian rebellion against their rule only after

A) Louis Napoleon intervened.
B) proclaiming universal manhood suffrage throughout the empire.
C) Russia defeated the Hungarian army.
D) promising the Hungarians full autonomy inside the empire.

Answer 2

Russia defeated the Hungarian army.

Question 3

The greatest accomplishment of the Revolution of 1848 was

A) the abolition of serfdom and manorial restraints in eastern Europe.
B) the establishment of peaceful and democratic republics throughout Europe.
C) the unification of national groups.
D) the ascendancy of constitutionalism throughout Europe.

Answer 3

the abolition of serfdom and manorial restraints in eastern Europe.

Question 4

Marxist ideology drew upon the following sources:

A) French absolutism, British pragmatism, and German nationalism.
B) French egalitarianism, British liberalism, and Russian despotism.
C) French revolutionism, British industrialism, and German philosophy.
D) Russian authoritarianism, British industrialism, and German philosophy.

Question 5

Marx and Engels' Communist Manifesto, published in January 1848,

A) spurred the workers of Paris to revolt in February 1848.
B) led to revolts in Germany in March 1848.
C) aroused very little response in 1848 and 1849.
D) urged the creation of a workers' state along Saint-Simonian lines.

Question 6

Napoleon III

A) appealed to the masses and established an empowered Legislative Body to encourage parliamentary democracy.
B) limited democratic participation in government.
C) showed no sympathy for the working classes.
D) discouraged international trade.

Question 7

The term Realpolitik means

A) governments should not be guided by ideology, but should follow their practical interests and meet facts and situations as they arise.
B) royal politics, or politics based on monarchical rule.
C) conservative politics.
D) the abandonment of expansionism and the acceptance of the status quo in Europe.

Question 8

Never before 1848 had Europe seen so truly universal an upheaval. What were the economic, social and political causes of the Revolutions of 1848?

Question 9

Why was the democratically elected Frankfurt Assembly unable to bring about the unification of Germany in 1848-1849?

Question 10

Why was there no revolution in Britain or Russia in 1848?

Question 11

Historians have observed a "new toughness of mind" after 1848. Explain how political and social thought reflected this.

Question 12

Some contemporaries referred to Napoleon III as our "socialist emperor." Explain what they were referring to and whether or not you agree with that characterization of Napoleon III.

Question 13

Why did the Habsburg empire survive revolution and rebellion in 1848-1849?

Question 14

Explain how English, French, and German thought all contributed to the development of Marxism.

Question 15

What role did peasants, workers, and students play in the Revolutions of 1848?

Question 16

What was the significance of the Bloody June Days of 1848?

Question 17

What role did Magyar nationalism play in the victories of counterrevolution during the Revolution of 1848?

Question 18

What was Realpolitik? Consider different meanings of the word for different groups.

Question 19

How did British industrialism influence Engels?

Question 20

What are the main strengths and weaknesses of Marxism?

Question 21

In what ways did Napoleon III promote progress during the Second Empire?

Question 22

Why do you think the outbursts of revolutionary upheaval were concentrated in urban centers across Europe in 1848?

Question 23

Compare the demands of the Russians to those of eastern Europeans participating in the Revolution of 1848. How did cultural nationalism shape events, especially in the Austrian empire?