Deck 18: Care of Patients with Hypertension and Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 1

The student nurse is planning a community group presentation on hypertension.Which group of individuals should the student identify as having the highest incidence of hypertension?

A) Muslims
B) African Americans
C) Whites
D) Latinos

Answer 1

African Americans

Question 2

The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient who works as a cashier in a grocery store about varicose vein prevention.Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?

A) Add vitamin C to diet.
B) March in place while standing at the counter.
C) Avoid tight support hose.
D) Wear supportive shoes.

Answer 2

March in place while standing at the counter.

Question 3

The patient has been prescribed a low-sodium diet.Which food choice indicates that the patient requires additional teaching?

A) Fresh spinach
B) Pickles
C) Whole-grain pasta
D) Grapefruit

Answer 3

Pickles

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a patient with a compression dressing.Which action indicates appropriate wound care?

A) The nurse changes the compression dressing daily.
B) The nurse uses an alcohol-based cleanser before applying the compression dressing.
C) The nurse places a compression dressing over the wound dressing.
D) The nurse dons a face mask before applying a compression dressing.

Question 5

An 86-year-old patient asks why her ankles have a brownish discoloration and the skin looks thick.Which response best addresses the patient's concern?

A) "The valves in the vessels in your legs aren't working as well as they used to, which causes the discoloration and thickening of your skin."
B) "You probably aren't getting enough iron in your diet. We should talk to your doctor about adding an iron supplement."
C) "How many years have you smoked? Nicotine will cause these changes in your skin."
D) "These are just normal changes seen in most older people."

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a 75-year-old patient with a history of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease (PVD).The nurse observes an inflamed and excoriated area on the patient's right shin.Which intervention should the nurse perform first?

A) Document the findings.
B) Review the patient's diet.
C) Notify the primary care provider.
D) Cover with clear occlusive dressing.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient who underwent endovenous laser treatment.Which statement indicates that the nurse's teaching about postprocedure management has been successful?

A) "I should wear compression stockings for 5 days."
B) "I should walk at least an hour every day for 2 weeks."
C) "I should massaging the legs to stimulate circulation."
D) "I should notify my doctor if my foot is warm to the touch."

Question 8

Which medication is the most common and effective antiplatelet aggregation agent?

A) Warfarin
B) Aspirin
C) Alteplase (Activase)
D) Reteplase (Retavase)

Question 9

Which blood pressure findings constitute a diagnosis of hypertension?

A) 120/80 × 2, 2 weeks apart
B) 140/90 ×2, 2 weeks apart
C) 120/80 on 3 consecutive days
D) 140/90 every day for a week

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient with peripheral arterial disease who complains of 3/10 pain in the lower extremities.The nurse observes a 0.5 cm ×1 cm ulcer on the left lower leg,and the lower legs are shiny and hairless bilaterally.The nurse identifies which priority problem statement/nursing diagnosis?

A) Injury related to loss of peripheral circulation.
B) Acute pain related to ischemia to lower extremities.
C) Altered skin integrity related to ulcers on lower extremities.
D) Insufficient knowledge related to new diagnosis of hypertension.

Question 11

Which problems are potential complications of uncontrolled hypertension?

A) Stroke
B) Kidney failure
C) Heart attack
D) Congestive heart failure
E) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 12

The home health nurse is caring for a patient with a blood pressure reading of 200/160.The patient denies any discomfort.The nurse should immediately contact the health care provider to report that the patient is experiencing which problem?

A) Primary hypertension
B) Hypertensive crisis
C) Essential hypertension
D) Secondary hypertension

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a patient with a deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Which finding requires the nurse's immediate attention?

A) Hematuria
B) Decreased sensation in the affected leg
C) Urine output of 35 mL in 1 hour
D) Hemoptysis

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of peripheral arterial disease.The patient complains of significant claudication,and findings of an ankle-brachial index are abnormal.The nurse anticipates that this patient will most likely require which type of procedure?

A) Left heart catheterization
B) Stress echocardiogram
C) Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
D) Nuclear medicine stress test

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for a loop diuretic.Which nutritional intervention is most important for the nurse to add to the care plan?

A) Increase intake of leafy green vegetables.
B) Increase intake of bananas and potatoes.
C) Avoid foods like canned soups and hot dogs.
D) Limit caffeine intake.

Question 16

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm who complains of sudden,intense abdominal pain and light-headedness.What action should the nurse take next?

A) Monitor the patient's blood pressure every 15 minutes.
B) Contact the physician immediately.
C) Notify the patient's family of the change in condition.
D) Continue to assess the patient's pain.

Question 17

The nurse is educating an older adult patient who is taking antihypertensives with diuretics.Which information regarding safety precautions is most important for the nurse to include?

A) Consider purchasing a home blood pressure monitor.
B) Limit sodium intake in the diet.
C) Sit on the side of the bed before standing.
D) Keep an updated list of all medications.

Question 18

The nurse is caring for a patient with a deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Which medication would likely be used for initial inpatient treatment?

A) Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
B) Heparin
C) Warfarin (Coumadin)
D) Edoxaban (Lixiana)

Question 19

Which findings characterize peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

A) Narrowed arteries
B) Obstructed veins
C) Involvement of all extremities
D) Defective valve function
E) Thrombophlebitis

Question 20

The nurse is teaching a patient who takes warfarin (Coumadin)about a coagulation monitoring device.Which blood clotting time should the device monitors?

A) PT
B) PTT
C) INR
D) ACT

Question 21

Which factor(s)may be useful in preventing peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

A) Stress relief
B) Diabetes control
C) Weight control
D) Routine exercise
E) Smoking cessation
F)None of above

Question 22

Which intervention(s)is/are important for a patient with venous insufficiency?

A) Avoid swimming.
B) Elevate feet to reduce edema.
C) Wear tight clothing.
D) Decrease fluid intake.
E) Apply elastic compression wraps twice daily.

Question 23

The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old long-resident in a term care facility.Which intervention(s)should the nurse plan to enhance blood flow?

A) Apply light blankets over legs while sitting.
B) Elevate legs frequently.
C) Encourage walking.
D) Avoid tight compression stockings.
E) Maintain a warm environment.

Question 24

The nurse is caring for a patient with Raynaud disease who is employed as a construction worker,has hypertension,and smokes one-half to one pack of cigarettes per day.What teaching points should the nurse include in discharge instructions?

A) Wear gloves when handling cold items.
B) Drink plenty of warm beverages, such as coffee.
C) Wear insulated socks when working in cool weather.
D) Attend a smoking program.
E) Use a heating pad to stay warm.

Question 25

Which words compose part of the "5 Ps" of arterial disease?

A) Pain
B) Paresthesia
C) Purulent
D) Pooling
E) Pallor

Question 26

The patient who has a history of smoking and alcohol abuse is most likely to develop __________ hypertension.

Question 27

The nurse is caring for a patient with peripheral vascular disease (PVD).The nurse understands that which age-related changes may cause PVD?

A) Decreasing blood viscosity
B) Loss of elasticity in vessel walls
C) Atherosclerotic changes in vessels
D) Sedentary practices
E) Weakened leg muscles