Question 1

Approximately one third of the heart lies to the left of the midline of the sternum. The remaining two thirds lie to the right of the sternum.

Accepted Answer

Approximately two thirds of the heart lie to the left of the midline of the sternum. The remaining third lies to the right of the sternum.

Question 2

The base, or lower portion, of the heart is formed by the tip of the left ventricle.

Accepted Answer

The base of the heart is its upper portion and is formed mainly by the left atrium, with a small amount of right atrium. It lies at approximately the level of the second intercostal space, immediately in front of the esophagus and descending aorta. The heart's apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just above the diaphragm at approximately the level of the fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line.

Question 3

The heart is divided into _____ chambers but functions as a _____-sided pump.&#10;A) 2; 4&#10;B) 3; 2&#10;C) 4; 2&#10;D) 4; 3

Accepted Answer

The heart has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart are separated by an internal wall of connective tissue called a septum. The interatrial septum separates the right and left atria. The interventricular septum separates the right and left ventricles. The septa separate the heart into two functional pumps. The right atrium and right ventricle make up one pump. The left atrium and left ventricle make up the other.

Question 4

An internal wall of connective tissue called the _____ separates the right and left ventricles.&#10;A) septae&#10;B) interventricular septum&#10;C) coronary sinus&#10;D) mediastinum

Accepted Answer

The right and left sides of the heart are separated by an internal wall of connective tissue called a septum. The interatrial septum separates the right and left atria. The interventricular septum separates the right and left ventricles. The septa separate the heart into two functional pumps. The right atrium and right ventricle make up one pump. The left atrium and left ventricle make up the other.

Question 5

The _______ is a double-walled sac that encloses the heart and helps protect it from trauma and infection.&#10;A) myocardium&#10;B) pericardium&#10;C) endocardium&#10;D) subendocardium

Accepted Answer

The pericardium is a double-walled sac that encloses the heart and helps protect it from trauma and infection. The rough outer layer of the pericardial sac is called the fibrous parietal pericardium. It anchors the heart to some of the structures around it, such as the sternum and diaphragm, by means of ligaments. This helps prevent excessive movement of the heart in the chest with changes in body position. The inner layer, the serous pericardium, consists of two layers: parietal and visceral. The parietal layer lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium. The visceral layer (also called the epicardium) adheres to the outside of the heart and forms the outer layer of the heart muscle.

Question 6

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the _____, which is found in the _____.&#10;A) SA node; left atrium&#10;B) AV node; right atrium&#10;C) SA node; right atrium&#10;D) AV node; left atrium

Accepted Answer

The SA node is normally the primary pacemaker of the heart because it has the fastest firing rate of all of the heart's normal pacemaker sites. It is located in the upper posterior part of the right atrium where the superior vena cava and the right atrium meet.

Question 7

Which of the following circles around the left side of the heart and is embedded in the epicardium on the back of the heart?&#10;A) Left anterior descending coronary artery&#10;B) Circumflex coronary artery&#10;C) Left main coronary artery&#10;D) Right coronary artery

Accepted Answer

The circumflex coronary artery circles around the left side of the heart. It is embedded in the epicardium on the back of the heart. The circumflex supplies blood to the left atrium, lateral surface of the left ventricle, inferior surface of the left ventricle in about 15% of individuals, posterior surface of the left ventricle in 15%, SA node in about 40%, and the AV node in 10% to 15%.

Question 8

The right atrium receives venous blood from the head and upper extremities via the _____, from the lower body via the _____, and from the heart via the _____.&#10;A) coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava&#10;B) superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava&#10;C) inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus&#10;D) superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus

Accepted Answer

The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from:
• The superior vena cava, which carries blood from the head and upper extremities
• The inferior vena cava, which carries blood from the lower body
• The coronary sinus, which is the largest vein that drains the heart

Question 9

Movement of blood from the left ventricle through the body is called the:&#10;A) systemic circulation.&#10;B) pulmonary circulation.

Accepted Answer

The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive oxygenated blood and pump it out to the rest of the body. This is called the systemic circulation.

Question 10

The ________________________ refractory period corresponds with the downslope of the T wave.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________________________ refractory period corresponds with the...

Question 11

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two phases of the...

Question 12

Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which side of the heart is a...

Question 13

The myocardium is subdivided into two areas. The innermost half of the myocardium is called the ______________________ and the outermost half is called the ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The myocardium is subdivided into two areas....

Question 14

Define the term &#34;acute coronary syndromes.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the term &#34;acute coronary syndromes.&#34;...

Question 15

Identify the two basic types of cardiac cells in the heart, where they are found, and the function of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the two basic types of cardiac...

Deck 1: Health and Wellness