Deck 13: Institutions

Question 1

Institutions are built upon which of the following societal needs?

A) Environmental
B) Technological
C) Demographic
D) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Due to the effects of primate social organization, during times of stability which members experience the greatest amount of stress?

A) Superior members
B) Subordinate members
C) Members that have formed a coalition
D) All members experience similar levels of stress during times of stability

Answer 2

Subordinate members

Question 3

Which type of resources form the basis of power differentials in the human social structure?

A) Political
B) Economic
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Answer 3

Both A and B

Question 4

Which of the following is the term psychologists use for engaging in behavior that improves how one views oneself relative to the average person?

A) Self-perception enhancements
B) Conspicuous consumption
C) Social differentiation
D) Ascribed status

Question 5

Which of the following is a true conclusion of data collected between 1972 and 2008 related to income inequality and happiness?

A) Individuals displayed less overall happiness as income inequality decreased.
B) Individuals trusted each other less as income inequality decreased.
C) Individuals had decreased perception of fairness as income inequality decreased.
D) Income inequality has no impact on happiness.

Question 6

Which of the following industries represents a societal adaptation that has evolved as a result of the production of energy by large, profit-making corporations?

A) Coal
B) Alternative energy sources
C) Oil
D) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following has steadily risen in the past few decades?

A) The number of incarcerated adults
B) The number of incarcerated juveniles
C) The number of individuals reentering society from prison
D) All of the above

Question 8

Which type of authority results in major societal changes?

A) Traditional
B) Rational legal
C) Charismatic
D) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following domestic economic institutions affects consumer spending patterns through tax credits for child care and first-time home buyers?

A) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
B) Federal Reserve System
C) Department of Commerce
D) Internal Revenue Service

Question 10

Which of the following domestic economic institutions affects consumer spending patterns through bank regulations such as the minimum reserve requirement and the federal funds rate?

A) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
B) Federal Reserve System
C) Department of Commerce
D) Internal Revenue Service

Question 11

Which of the following international economic institutions provides loans to countries on the verge of bankruptcy?

A) International Monetary Fund
B) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
C) World Trade Organization
D) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following international economic institutions serves as a facilitator for trade negotiations and works to decrease tariffs and quotas?

A) International Monetary Fund
B) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
C) World Trade Organization
D) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

Question 13

Poverty has been associated with all of the following problems infants face EXCEPT

A) High birth weight
B) Greater exposure to lead poisoning
C) General poor health
D) Increased mortality

Question 14

A 2008 study by Chartrand et al. found that children with a deployed parent

A) Had higher mean levels of internalizing behavior such as depression
B) Had lower mean levels of internalizing behavior such as depression
C) Had higher mean levels of externalizing behavior such as aggression
D) Had lower mean levels of externalizing behavior such as aggression

Question 15

Adults currently living in poverty or who experienced poverty in childhood are at a heightened risk for which of the following?

A) Domestic violence
B) Fear of going outside at night
C) Unemployment
D) All of the above

Question 16

Because of the size of institutions, they are able to change quickly with few problems.

Question 17

Individuals have an innate need to feel equal to others.

Question 18

Coercion is a form of leadership that is costly to maintain.

Question 19

Macro-level changes by economic institutions indirectly influence human behavior.

Question 20

Nearly 50% of children in the United States have resided in a household that received food stamps at some point in time.

Question 21

How can macro-level economic institutions affect behavior? Discuss three institutions in particular and provide specific examples.