Deck 3: Preconception Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

What statement below best describes the difference between carbohydrate intake recommendations for persons with insulin resistance such as in metabolic syndrome and those for persons with type 2 diabetes?

A)Persons with type 2 diabetes should eat more complex carbohydrates than persons with insulin resistance should.
B)Persons with insulin resistance should eat more complex carbohydrates than persons with type 2 diabetes should.
C)Carbohydrate intake recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes are more tailor-made than for persons with insulin resistance.
D)There is no difference between carbohydrate recommendations.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Diets that provide low-glycemic index carbohydrates along with _____ of fiber daily are associated with improved blood glucose control.

A)15 g
B)25-35 g
C)14 g per 1000 calories
D)38 g
E)50 g

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_____ is the first therapeutic option for infertility in obese people.

A)Medication
B)Weight loss
C)Hormone therapy
D)In-vitro fertilization
E)Surgery

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?

A)Phenylketonuria (PKU)
B)Type 1 diabetes
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)The female athlete triad
E)Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT be considered a sign or symptom of premenstrual syndrome?

A)Swollen glands under the jaw
B)Fatigue
C)Abdominal bloating
D)Mood swings
E)Anxiety

Question 6

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)is characterized by:

A)mood swings.
B)irritability.
C)depressed mood.
D)physical symptoms.
E)All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following would NOT be used to treat PMS symptoms?

A)Increased intake of caffeine
B)Oral contraceptives
C)Supplements like B₆ or calcium
D)Chasteberry extract
E)Antidepressants

Question 8

A symptom NOT related to PCOS is _____.

A)insulin resistance
B)amenorrhea
C)infertility
D)low testosterone levels

Question 9

The most effective approach for risk reduction in people with diabetes so far is:

A)drug therapy and weight loss.
B)drug therapy and exercise.
C)weight loss and exercise.
D)behavioral therapy.

Question 10

The onset of hypothalamic amenorrhea is related to:

A)being underweight,as is seen in anorexia nervosa.
B)weight loss accompanied by intense exercise,as seen in the female athlete triad.
C)caloric restriction leading to an energy deficit.
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 11

Bariatric surgery increases the risk that women will develop deficiencies of:

A)iron.
B)zinc.
C)calcium.
D)vitamins B₆,B₁₂,and D.
E)All of the above

Question 12

The definition of the periconceptional period is _____.

A)the developing organism from 8 weeks to the moment of birth
B)the month before conception
C)the time period around conception measured in weeks or months
D)the month after conception
E)None of the above

Question 13

A nutrient that would effectively treat headaches and cramps in a woman with PMS is _____.

A)vitamin B₆
B)calcium
C)magnesium
D)vitamin E

Question 14

An eating disorder that affects fertility is _____.

A)hypothalamic amenorrhea
B)anorexia nervosa
C)bulimia nervosa
D)celiac disease
E)b and c
F)a and b

Question 15

Untreated phenylketonuria in pregnant women can lead to:

A)increased risk of heart defects in the infant.
B)infants with microcephaly.
C)severe mental retardation in children.
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 16

Diet strategies appropriate for people with type 2 diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)weight loss if overweight.
B)increasing fruit and vegetable intake to include plant antioxidants.
C)low-glycemic index foods that are rich in fiber.
D)150 minutes per week of physical activity.
E)≤40% of total intake from saturated fats.

Question 17

Which of the following supplements may be recommended to prevent or delay the onset of gestational and type 2 diabetes?

A)Vitamin D
B)Vitamin E
C)Iron
D)Calcium
E)a and b

Question 18

_____ during the first 2 months of pregnancy is teratogenic and leads to a two- to three-fold risk of congenital abnormalities.

A)A high blood glucose level
B)Type 1 diabetes
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)Insulin resistance
E)Celiac disease

Question 19

Excess central body fat is related to _____.

A)insulin resistance
B)ovulatory disorders
C)metabolic syndrome
D)All of the above

Question 20

Symptoms of PMS occur in about _____ of menstruating women.

A)10-12%
B)27-30%
C)34%
D)15-25%
E)55%

Question 21

Low levels of sex hormone binding globulin are related to increased availability of testosterone and estrogen in the body.

Question 22

Judy has been suffering from depression,breast tenderness,muscle pain,anxiety,and headaches for the past 2 months;it is likely she is suffering from:

A)polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
B)premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
C)premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
D)dysmenorrhea.
E)celiac disease.

Question 23

The treatment for celiac disease is long-term steroid therapy.

Question 24

Women that have PKU must avoid the essential amino acid phenylalanine and consume a diet low in protein because:

A)they lack enough stomach acid (HCl)to break down dietary proteins,including phenylalanine.
B)they are allergic to phenylalanine and other protein-rich foods.
C)they lack the enzyme necessary to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine.
D)phenylalanine and protein-rich foods cause an accumulation of acid to build up in the blood.
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 25

The two grains persons with celiac disease can safely consume are _____.

A)corn and rice
B)oats and wheat
C)rye and rice
D)barley and oats

Question 26

Clinical signs associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)include:

A)insulin resistance.
B)infertility.
C)obesity.
D)excess abdominal fat.
E)All of the above

Question 27

When a woman develops "carbohydrate intolerance" during pregnancy,this means that:

A)she complains of a dislike of carbohydrate-containing foods that commonly occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy.
B)her pancreas cannot produce insulin,so glucose cannot get into cells.
C)her blood glucose levels increase abnormally after she eats carbohydrate-containing foods.
D)All of the above
E)b and c only

Question 28

Use the following information to answer questions.
Jane and her husband are interested in having a child,but she has had a hard time conceiving.She has met with her OB-GYN to have a physical,labs drawn,and a prenatal check-up in order to determine what the problem is.Lab work and other relevant data for Jane are as follows: Age: 36
Blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg;   Fasting blood glucose 130 mg/dL;
HDL cholesterol 35 mg/dL;      Blood triglycerides 175 mg/dL;
Waist circumference = 36";      Current weight 150#;Height 5'3"

-Based on the data above,Jane will likely be diagnosed with:

A)type 2 diabetes.
B)metabolic syndrome.
C)celiac disease.
D)hypothalamic amenorrhea.
E)gestational diabetes.

Question 29

The primary GOAL of the treatment of PCOS is:

A)to increase insulin sensitivity.
B)to induce weight loss if overweight.
C)to regulate blood lipid levels.
D)to reverse infertility.
E)to prevent diabetes from developing.

Question 30

Use the following information to answer questions.
Jane and her husband are interested in having a child,but she has had a hard time conceiving.She has met with her OB-GYN to have a physical,labs drawn,and a prenatal check-up in order to determine what the problem is.Lab work and other relevant data for Jane are as follows: Age: 36
Blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg;   Fasting blood glucose 130 mg/dL;
HDL cholesterol 35 mg/dL;      Blood triglycerides 175 mg/dL;
Waist circumference = 36";      Current weight 150#;Height 5'3"

-Dietary modifications for this diagnosis would include:

A)avoiding wheat,rye,oats,and barley.
B)avoiding aspartame and artificial sweeteners.
C)avoiding sugar.
D)including whole grains and fruits and vegetables that are high in antioxidants.
E)making sure to consume 1000 mg calcium per day.

Question 31

Which of the following foods is sure to be gluten free?

A)Corn
B)Deli meat
C)Hotdogs
D)Salad dressings
E)Bouillon

Question 32

Signs and symptoms of celiac disease include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)iron-deficiency anemia.
B)bloating.
C)infertility.
D)bleeding gums.
E)weight loss.

Question 33

Use the following information to answer questions.
Jane and her husband are interested in having a child,but she has had a hard time conceiving.She has met with her OB-GYN to have a physical,labs drawn,and a prenatal check-up in order to determine what the problem is.Lab work and other relevant data for Jane are as follows: Age: 36
Blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg;   Fasting blood glucose 130 mg/dL;
HDL cholesterol 35 mg/dL;      Blood triglycerides 175 mg/dL;
Waist circumference = 36";      Current weight 150#;Height 5'3"

-Which of the following symptoms would indicate that Jane has this diagnosis?

A)Her blood pressure,weight,and height
B)Hard time with conception and her age
C)High fasting blood glucose,blood triglycerides,and HDL cholesterol levels
D)Her waist circumference,age,and blood pressure
E)All of the above

Question 34

Dietary recommendations for women with PCOS emphasize:

A)whole grains,fruits,and vegetables high in antioxidants.
B)lean sources of protein.
C)high-glycemic index carbohydrate sources.
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 35

Symptoms of PCOS often improve with a _____ loss of initial body weight.

A)2 to 4%
B)4 to 6%
C)5 to 10%
D)10 to 12%
E)15%

Question 36

Which of the following conditions would NOT be seen in higher rates in obese women?

A)Type 1 diabetes
B)Infertility
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)PCOS
E)Metabolic syndrome

Question 37

How could having irregular menstrual cycles lead to a lack of early prenatal care for some obese women?

A)When women don't menstruate they may feel they are not ovulating and can't get pregnant,so they don't get prenatal care
B)Women may not be aware they are already pregnant because a delay in their menses is normal
C)Women think an egg will not implant without ovulation
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 38

PCOS is easy to diagnose because the signs and symptoms are the same for all women.

Question 39

The three components of the female athlete triad are:

A)anemia,anorexia,and osteoporosis.
B)amenorrhea,anemia,and anorexia.
C)amenorrhea,disordered eating,and osteoporosis.
D)disordered eating,anemia,and osteoarthritis.
E)disordered eating,osteoporosis,and infertility.

Question 40

Foods to avoid if you have celiac disease include:

A)oats,corn,wheat,and rye.
B)wheat,rye,and barley.
C)wheat,corn,oats,and soy.
D)wheat,rye,oats,and eggs.
E)all of the above

Question 41

All people with type 2 diabetes can manage their glucose levels with diet and exercise only.