Deck 10: Nutrition

Question 1

The RDA is

A) the amount of nutrient necessary to prevent deficiency diseases
B) The nutrient intake level that meets the requirement for nearly all individuals of a specified age range and gender
C) The highest daily nutrient intake likely to pose no adverse health effects.
D) All of the above
E) b and c

Answer 1

b and c

Question 2

Which site on the body is the least healthy place to carry excess fat?

A) neck
B) waist
C) hips
D) ankles
E) fat is equally unhealthy at all sites

Answer 2

waist

Question 3

Diet may play a role in preventing cancer. Which of the following foods is associated with a reduced risk of cancer?

A) broccoli
B) tomato sauce
C) fruits and vegetables
D) all of above
E) a and c

Answer 3

all of above

Question 4

Dysphagia is difficulty in:

A) losing weight
B) swallowing
C) gaining weight
D) digesting food
E) none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following has been attributed to elders' decreased caloric needs with age?

A) decreased metabolic rate
B) decreased proportion of body fat
C) decreased physical activity
D) all of the above
E) a and c

Question 6

Alcohol ingestion can lead to malnutrition by:

A) diminishing appetite
B) decreasing absorption of vitamins
C) increasing need for minerals and vitamins
D) all of the above
E) b and c

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a health risk associated with obesity?

A) diabetes
B) osteoarthritis
C) gallstones
D) increased surgical complications
E) osteoporosis

Question 8

Healthy older people should consume about ___ percent of their calories in protein.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 60
E) 75

Question 9

What vitamin derivative is used in medications for skin wrinkling and acne?

A) zinc
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin B complex
D) vitamin D
E) vitamin E

Question 10

Intestinal bacteria can synthesize this vitamin and antibiotics can reduce the synthesis.

A) vitamin A
B) folic acid
C) biotin
D) vitamin K
E) niacin

Question 11

Which of the following dietary deficiencies is most common in elders?

A) sodium
B) protein
C) carbohydrate
D) magnesium
E) phosphorus

Question 12

The biggest nutritional health problem in the United States is associated with:

A) vitamin deficiencies
B) mineral deficiencies
C) lack of fiber
D) obesity
E) lack of protein

Question 13

Which of the following is false regarding vitamin D?

A) deficiency causes osteoarthritis
B) increases the amount of calcium absorbed from the intestines
C) requirement can be met by sunlight
D) requirement can be met by supplements
E) all are true

Question 14

Which is the mineral needed in the highest quantity by the body?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) sodium
E) zinc

Question 15

High blood pressure can be caused by too much of which mineral?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) sodium
E) zinc

Question 16

Which of the following BMI ranges is the lowest health risk?

A) below 18
B) 19-22
C) 23-26
D) 27-30
E) above 30

Question 17

Osteoporosis is associated with a shortage of which of the following vitamins and minerals?

A) vitamin A and iron
B) vitamin C and magnesium
C) vitamin A and calcium
D) vitamin D and calcium
E) none of the above

Question 18

Cigarette smoking increases the need for which vitamin(s)?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin B complex
D) all of above
E) a and c

Question 19

A healthy elder needs up to two quarts of water each day, some of which is obtained from food.

Question 20

Simple carbohydrates are the best type of carbohydrate to help with long-term energy needs.

Question 21

Insoluble fiber helps to prevent constipation.

Question 22

Obese people can also be malnourished.

Question 23

Nutrition counseling is effectively accomplished in one office visit.

Question 24

Congregate meal programs are usually aimed at elders who are homebound.

Question 25

Meals on Wheels is an example of a community-funded elderly nutrition program.

Question 26

The data on obesity and elders over 75 reveal that the thinnest individuals have the longest life expectancies.

Question 27

Multiple surveys reveal that most Americans have a protein deficiency.

Question 28

A diet high in complex carbohydrates and fiber improves control for adult-onset diabetes.

Question 29

Carbohydrates should supply between 60 and 80 percent of our total caloric intake.

Question 30

The easiest and safest way to reduce high cholesterol is through a low animal fat diet.

Question 31

Older men and women who live alone have poorer diets than those who live with a spouse.

Question 32

Fiber decreases the rate of flow of digested matter through the intestines, promoting higher nutrient absorption.

Question 33

Not all individuals need to reduce salt intake to prevent hypertension as some individuals are not salt-sensitive.

Question 34

A calorie-deficient diet can cause symptoms of mental illness in otherwise healthy individuals.

Question 35

The main method to assist obese elders in losing weight is to severely restrict their caloric intake.

Question 36

In the U.S., elders know less about nutrition than younger adults.

Question 37

The goal of the RDA is to provide guidelines for good nutrition.

Question 38

In general, older people have both decreased caloric requirements and decreased need for vitamins and minerals when compared with the young.

Question 39

The location of fat on the body is a better predictor of death rate than the degree of obesity.

Question 40

Too much protein intake can deplete the bones of needed calcium.

Question 41

Saturated fats can be found in animals and plants.

Question 42

Even when calcium intake is low, blood levels are kept constant because calcium is taken from the bones.

Question 43

Vitamin and mineral supplements are used by about ten percent of the older population.

Question 44

One of the most important nutritional risk factors for heart disease is eating too much unsaturated fat.

Question 45

Extensive information has been gathered on older people so that the RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) of the nutrients reflect the ideal daily intake for that group.

Question 46

According to the Food Pyramid, the type of food that should be eaten most frequently is carbohydrates.

Question 47

The drug that causes the most nutritional problems is alcohol.

Question 48

Simple carbohydrates are called starches, complex carbohydrates are called sugars.

Question 49

Generally, individuals get the required amount of fiber needed daily.

Question 50

Individuals with a high vitamin A intake from food have a reduced risk of many diseases but supplements have not shown the same effect.

Question 51

Carbohydrates with a high glycemic index are more healthful than those with a low glycemic index.

Question 52

Liquid nutritional supplements are widely used but there is limited evidence regarding their benefits for healthy elders.

Question 53

There is a strong association between obesity and type II diabetes.

Question 54

Studies on elders taking vitamin supplements show them to be highly effective, particularly antioxidant vitamins.

Question 55

Most older people who are eligible for food stamps do not apply for them.

Question 56

Without enough Vitamin D, the body cannot absorb the _________ that is in food.

Question 57

Only minimal amounts of ___________ are needed to prevent scurvy, but higher amounts may help prevent illness and speed recovery.

Question 58

Sources of __________ include liver, raisins and spinach.

Question 59

Cooked tomatoes may help protect against _______________.

Question 60

Soy products may help prevent __________.

Question 61

__________ is linked to cancer, diabetes, heart disease and many other health problems

Question 62

Chemical building blocks, also called ________, combine in different ways to make the proteins needed for building cells and making enzymes.

Question 63

Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for _________.

Question 64

Although it is called a vitamin, ____________ is not a vitamin but a hormone.

Question 65

What two main types of nutritional programs are available to assist elders?

Question 66

List ways to maximize the nutritional status of institutional and hospitalized elders.

Question 67

List three medications and their effect upon the alteration of nutritional status in older people.

Question 68

Briefly describe the essential components of an effective weight loss program.

Question 69

List the advantages and the disadvantages of fat in the diet.

Question 70

What is fiber, where is it found, and what diseases does it prevent?

Question 71

What is the difference between fat-soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins? List the major vitamins of each group.

Question 72

List three medications which affect nutritional status and their consequences.

Question 73

Why do caloric requirements diminish with age?

Question 74

Describe the circumstances in which an elder might need additional proteins

Question 75

List three differences between "My Pyramid" and the 2000 "Food Guide Pyramid"

Question 76

What is the difference between the RDA, the AI, and the UL?

Question 77

Define obesity and overweight using the BMI.

Question 78

List five reasons why an elder might experience unintentional weight loss.

Question 79

List four reasons why the human body needs food.

Question 80

Each individual requires a different quantity of various nutrients to survive. Which factors influence dietary need?