Deck 14: Adolescent Nutrition

Question 1

In order to improve the eating habits of youth,nutrition interventions should be aimed at three levels of influence.Which of the following would NOT be one of these levels?

A)Environmental factors
B)Macrosystem factors
C)Transportation factors
D)Personal factors

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Females experience a _____ increase in body fat during puberty.

A)40%
B)50%
C)100%
D)120%

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Food choices made by adolescents while snacking tend to favor foods high in _____ and relatively low in _____.

A)sugar,sodium,and fat/vitamins and minerals
B)fiber/vitamins and minerals
C)vitamins and minerals/sugar,sodium,and fat
D)overall calories/fat,sugar,and sodium
E)None of the above is correct

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Health advantages for an adolescent consuming a vegetarian diet include:

A)a high intake of fiber.
B)high intakes of B vitamins,especially B₁₂.
C)high intakes of vitamins and minerals found in plant foods.
D)All of the above
E)a and c only

Question 5

Due to the great variability in the timing of growth and maturation among adolescents,the calculation of energy needs based on _____ will provide a better estimate than one based on chronological age.

A)physiological age
B)velocity of growth
C)body fat
D)sex
E)a and d only

Question 6

The struggle for independence that characterizes adolescent psychosocial development may lead to the development of health-compromising eating behaviors,including:

A)excessive dieting.
B)meal skipping.
C)use of unconventional nutritional supplements.
D)the adoption of fad diets.
E)all of the above

Question 7

The difference between assessing nutrient needs in adolescents and adults is _____.

A)during puberty adolescents have significantly more body composition changes than adults
B)adolescents exercise more than adults
C)adolescents drink less alcohol than adults
D)adolescents have more psychological problems than adults

Question 8

Using the Sexual Maturation Rating (SMR),the PEAK velocity of linear growth for males occurs at _____ years of age,on average.

A)12
B)14.4
C)16.5
D)18.3

Question 9

Snacks account for up to _____ of daily food intake among adolescents.

A)15%
B)25%
C)39%
D)43%
E)55%

Question 10

Approximately 7% of adolescent boys consume _____ serving(s)of vegetables per day.

A)less than one
B)more than one
C)no

Question 11

Eating patterns and behaviors of adolescents are influenced by many factors,which include:

A)peer influences.
B)cost and convenience.
C)body image.
D)food availability.
E)All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT be an expected biological change occurring during puberty?

A)Sexual maturation
B)Accumulation of skeletal mass
C)Increases in height and weight
D)Accumulation of intra-abdominal fat
E)Changes in body composition

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of females who mature early?

A)Fewer eating problems and a better body image
B)More likely to smoke
C)More likely to drink alcohol
D)Engaging in sexual behavior at an early age
E)All of the above are typical of females who mature early.

Question 14

Early adolescence is defined as ages:

A)9 to 11.
B)11 to 14.
C)13 to 16.
D)15 to 17.
E)18 to 21.

Question 15

A 14-year-old female weighed 150 lb at the end of SMR Stage 3 and had an estimated 25% body fat stores.Which of the following statements best describes her reproductive capabilities?

A)She has adequate body fat stores,but is unable to start menses due to her SMR rating.
B)She has adequate body fat stores and has started and can support menses.
C)She has limited body fat stores and is unable to support menses due to body composition stores.
D)She has breast buds and pubic hair,based on her SMR rating.
E)She is showing rapid weight gain.

Question 16

Fast-food restaurants and food courts are favorite eating places for adolescents because:

A)they offer an informal social setting.
B)the food is relatively inexpensive.
C)fast food can be eaten outside of the restaurant.
D)it is easier than eating at home.
E)a and b
F)c and d

Question 17

By the age of 18,more than _____ of adult skeletal mass has been formed.

A)50%
B)75%
C)85%
D)90%
E)99%

Question 18

During peak weight gain,adolescent males gain an average of _____ lb/year.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 19

Adolescence is defined as the period of life between _____ years of age.

A)9 and 12
B)10 and 14
C)11 and 21
D)15 and 19
E)18 and 21

Question 20

The Tanner Stages in females are based on _____.

A)weight gain and height growth
B)date of birth and menses onset
C)breast development and pubic hair appearance
D)breast development and menses onset

Question 21

The DRIs set the recommended intake of dietary fiber for adolescent females at _____ per day.

A)0.5 grams per kg of body weight
B)1 gram per kg of body weight
C)26 grams
D)38 grams
E)50 grams

Question 22

A reasonable number of goals to work toward with adolescents during a counseling session would be:

A)one or two.
B)two or three.
C)three or four.
D)no more than five.
E)It is not appropriate to set ANY goals with an adolescent.

Question 23

A cup of breakfast cereal provides 40% of the DRI for folate for adolescent (14- to 18-year-old)females.How much folate is this?

A)160 micrograms
B)240 micrograms
C)300 micrograms
D)340 micrograms

Question 24

Which of these messages is best for motivating adolescents to eat a healthy diet?

A)"Eating well will give you energy for sports or social activities."
B)"Eat what you don't like because it's good for you."
C)"Eating well may prevent heart disease in the long term."
D)"Eat well now so you won't be frail or disabled when you are old."

Question 25

The most sensitive indicator for iron store depletion is _____.

A)hemoglobin
B)hematocrit
C)plasma ferritin
D)heme iron

Question 26

Which of the following adolescent students is at nutrition risk?

A)A girl following a vegetarian diet,drinking three glasses of soymilk per day
B)An adolescent who works at Burger King restaurant (located in his school)4 times per week over the lunch hour
C)A Southeast Asian girl who eats rice at the evening meal every night at home
D)An African American who drinks a sports shake for breakfast to help build muscles and allow him to sleep in

Question 27

For which 16-year-old teen would the dietitian have the greatest concern about folate status?

A)Male whose estimated intake is 450 micrograms per day
B)Female who consumes orange juice and cereal for breakfast
C)Male with serum folate levels just below the normal range
D)Female who is sexually active and skips breakfast

Question 28

Female adolescents report that they consume no dairy products _____ as compared to male adolescents.

A)three times as often
B)twice as often
C)equally frequently
D)only half as often
E)None of the above

Question 29

Protein requirements for males are highest at _____ years.

A)11-14
B)15-18
C)19-24
D)24-30

Question 30

All of the following are factors that increase a teen's need for iron EXCEPT:

A)a rapid rate of linear growth.
B)the onset of menarche for females.
C)an increase in blood volume.
D)a greater intake of heme than nonheme iron sources.
E)All of the above factors increase a teen's need for iron.

Question 31

The dietary assessment tool that would be most useful for someone that is highly motivated to track changes would be the:

A)24-hour recall.
B)food frequency questionnaire.
C)food diary or record.
D)verbal diet history.
E)b and d

Question 32

The protein requirement is greatest for females when the height growth spurt occurs.What age range would this be?

A)11-14 years
B)15-18 years
C)19-24 years
D)> 24 years

Question 33

Adolescents have a relatively low intake of _____ and _____,which leads to less than the recommended intake of fiber.

A)fruits/vegetables
B)dairy products/complex carbohydrates
C)complex carbohydrates/legumes
D)protein/vegetables
E)vegetables/dairy products

Question 34

Vitamin D _____.

A)is essential for oxygen delivery to tissues
B)deficiency causes parathyroid hormone levels to drop
C)blood levels among adolescents have declined in recent years.
E)in excess blocks absorption of calcium from the GI tract.

Question 35

School-based programs can play important roles in promoting healthy eating and physical activity.Efforts to promote physical activity and healthy eating in a school health program should involve:

A)school food service.
B)health services.
C)school physical education programs.
D)curriculum.
E)all of the above

Question 36

An underweight 17-year-old male was 15 minutes late to his nutrition counseling appointment and he has to leave for a school-related practice in 20 minutes.What dietary assessment method would be the most appropriate for the dietitian to begin assessing his food-intake pattern as well as a method that she could reliably complete on the telephone at a later time?

A)24-hour recall
B)Food frequency
C)Food record
D)Diet history

Question 37

Severe folate deficiency in adolescence can result in:

A)Down syndrome.
B)megaloblastic anemia.
C)spina bifida.
D)anencephaly.
E)rickets.

Question 38

The best reason for advising young adolescents to consume foods that provide adequate calcium is _____.

A)young adolescents expend more energy from increased physical activity and need more calcium
B)young adolescents do not have much money and dairy foods are the least expensive to buy
C)young adolescents retain four times as much calcium than adults and build bone mass
D)young adolescents fight with their parents a lot and this would eliminate one food battle

Question 39

Susan is a 15-year-old who likes fruits,some vegetables,and breads (whole-grain and enriched)but refuses to consume milk,seafood,and eggs.A recent doctor visit revealed normal hemoglobin and plasma ferritin levels.What would you advise?

A)A folate supplement (400 micrograms/day)
B)A vitamin D supplement (400 IU/day)
C)An iron supplement (10 mg/day)
D)No changes in nutrient intake

Question 40

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that all adolescents be physically active how often?

A)At least 2 times per week
B)3 times per week
C)Daily
D)None of the above

Question 41

Use the Tapango's menu provided below to answer questions 46-48.

An adolescent is considering Tapango's menu and would like to choose the food with the lowest percentage of fat calories.This would be the:

A)breakfast burrito w/ bacon.
B)breakfast quesadilla w/ bacon.
C)primo taco salad.
D)beef taco.
E)primo nachos.

Question 42

Weight dissatisfaction is common among adolescent females during and immediately following puberty.

Question 43

The DRI for energy is based upon the assumption of a moderate to high activity level.

Question 44

Teenagers are future oriented and tend to be concerned to what will happen to them when they get older.

Question 45

Use the Tapango's menu provided below to answer questions 46-48.

Would this food fit within the current recommendations for fat consumption?

A)No,it is high at 37% fat
B)No,it is high at 47% fat
C)No,it is low at 17% fat
D)Yes,it is only 30% fat
E)Need more information

Question 46

Over 60% of ideal adult body weight is gained during adolescence.

Question 47

Nutrition education is mandated in most middle and high schools.

Question 48

According to research studies,vegetarian adolescents consume more fruits and vegetables daily than omnivorous adolescents.

Question 49

Which of the following would NOT be an improvement that has been made in school food service in the last decade?

A)An increase in the number of schools offering deep-fried potatoes
B)An increase in the number of schools offering foods prepared with low-fat dairy products
C)An increase in the number of schools offering skinless poultry
D)An increase of the number of schools offering low-fat salad dressings
E)All of the above would be improvements

Question 50

What would the estimated daily protein need be for a 65-kg adolescent male who is 15 years old?

A)55 g
B)65 g
C)75 g
D)90 g
E)130 g

Question 51

A semi-vegetarian diet excludes milk and eggs.

Question 52

_____ is a common source of vitamin D in the diets of adolescents,so an allergy to or intolerance of this food should prompt assessment for adequacy of vitamin D.

A)Cereal
B)Milk
C)Fatty fish
D)Margarine
E)Juice

Question 53

Menarche may be delayed in highly competitive athletes or in girls who severely restrict their calories to limit body fat.

Question 54

Is the answer for question #44 within the IOM guidelines for protein intake as a percentage of total energy intake if this adolescent needs 2500 calories per day?

A)Yes
B)No
C)There is no recommendation for protein intake based on a percentage of total calories.

Question 55

Use the Tapango's menu provided below to answer questions 46-48.

What beverage would be a good accompaniment to this meal and provide a nutrient that is usually scarce in adolescent diets?

A)Nonfat milk
B)Diet soda
C)Water
D)Regular soda
E)Iced tea with sweetener