Deck 3: Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of Chargaff's rules?

A) A + T = C + G
B) A + G = C + T
C) A + G = C + U
D) all organisms have identical amounts of all four nucleotides
E) none of the above

Answer 1

A + G = C + T

Question 2

A base found exclusively in DNA is _____ while _____ is found only in RNA.

A) adenine; cytosine
B) guanine; thymine
C) uracil; adenine
D) cytosine; guanine
E) thymine; uracil

Answer 2

thymine; uracil

Question 3

Which of the following is correctly paired with its nucleoside?

A) adenine: adenylate
B) cytosine: cytidine diphosphate
C) guanine: guanosine
D) thymine: thymidylate
E) uridine: uridine triphosphate

Answer 3

guanine: guanosine

Question 4

The coenzymes known as NAD⁺, FAD and coenzyme A all contain a derivative of _____.

A) adenosine
B) cytidine
C) guanosine
D) thymidine
E) uridine

Question 5

The most common base pairs in DNA are _____ and _____.

A) A-T; A-G
B) G-C; C-A
C) T-A; A-U
D) C-G; T-A
E) G-U; A-T

Question 6

Differences in structure between a DNA helix and an RNA helix can predominantly be attributed to the presence of _____ in RNA.

A) uracil
B) 2 hydroxyl group
C) 3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 hydroxyl group
D) smaller sizes of RNA molecules
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following non-covalent interactions is the most important in maintaining the structure of the double helix?

A) phosphodiester bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) London dispersion forces
D) van der Waals interactions
E) ionic interactions

Question 8

What term describes the process of converting the information found in DNA into the sequence of a protein?

A) replication
B) transcription
C) translation
D) expression
E) none of the above

Question 9

If instead of four different bases in DNA and RNA, there were six, what is the minimum size of a codon to encode the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) cannot be determined

Question 10

Which of the following represents a DNA mutation in the template strand that would convert serine to cysteine?

A) 5 -GCT-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 to 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -GCA-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11
B) 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -AGC-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 to 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -TGC-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11
C) 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -AGC-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 to 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -UGC-3'
D) 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -AGU-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 to 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -UGU-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11
E) 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -TCG-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 to 5 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11 -TCC-3 11ee7c0c_d269_9345_ae82_f77eec260ea4_TBW1044_11

Question 11

Bacteria and archaea typically have fewer than _____ genes while plants and animals typically have greater than _____ genes.

A) 200; 1,000
B) 500; 2,500
C) 1,000; 5,000
D) 5,000; 10,000
E) 10,000; 100,000

Question 12

The presence of _____ approximately once in every 1000 base pairs is what makes each individual human genetically unique.

A) orphan genes
B) horizontal genes
C) homologous genes
D) transposable elements
E) single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 13

The link between a purine and ribose is made from the ___ of the purine ring to the ___ of the ribose.

Question 14

Coenzyme A contains ___ and ___.

Question 15

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide contains ___ and ___.

Question 16

Which of the following bases pairs with guanine?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 17

Which of the following bases is not present in RNA?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)