Deck 7: Whats the Attraction State Changes, Solubility, and Lipids

Question 1

The weakest attractive force among these is:

A)London force
B)dipole-dipole force
C)hydrogen bonding
D)ion-dipole force

Answer 1

London force

Question 2

London dispersion forces attractions between molecules depends on what two factors?

A)Molar mass and shape
B)Vapor pressure and size
C)Molar mass and volatility
D)Volatility and shape

Answer 2

Molar mass and shape

Question 3

Which of the following statements about intermolecular forces is true?

A)London dispersions forces are the strongest of the three types.
B)They occur within molecules rather than between the molecules.
C)Hydrogen bonding occurs between any two molecules that contain hydrogen atoms.
D)Dipole-dipole interactions occurs between two polar molecules.

Answer 3

Dipole-dipole interactions occurs between two polar molecules.

Question 4

When NaCl dissolves in water, the force of attraction that exists between Na⁺ and H₂O is called:

A)dipole-dipole
B)ion-ion
C)hydrogen bonding
D)ion-dipole

Question 5

________ attractions are the only ones that all molecules have regardless of what they are composed of.

A)Dipole-dipole attractions
B)Hydrogen bonding
C)London dispersion forces
D)Ion-ion interactions

Question 6

Which of the following compounds cannot exhibit hydrogen bonding?

A)H₂O
B)NH₃
C)HF
D)CH₄

Question 7

Which one of these molecules can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor but not a donor?

A)CH₃-O-CH₃
B)C₂H₅OH
C)CH₃NH₂
D)CH₃CO₂H

Question 8

What is the predominant intermolecular force that is between two molecules of CH₃CH₂OH?

A)London dispersion forces
B)Dipole-dipole
C)Hydrogen bonding
D)Ion-dipole

Question 9

Which of the following compounds exhibits primarily dipole-dipole intermolecular forces?

A)CH₃-O-CH₃
B)CH₃CH₃
C)CO₂
D)F₂

Question 10

How many hydrogen bonds can CH₃-O-CH₂OH form with water?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 11

For a series of small molecules of comparable molecular weight, which one of the following choices lists the intermolecular forces in the correct increasing order?

A)London forces < dipole-dipole forces < hydrogen bonds
B)Hydrogen bonds < dipole-dipole forces < London forces
C)Dipole-dipole forces < hydrogen bonds < London forces
D)London forces < hydrogen bonds < dipole-dipole forces

Question 12

Which of the following has only London dispersion forces as the primary attraction between molecules?

A)H₂S
B)CH₃CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂OH
D)CH₃OH

Question 13

Which of the following pairs of compounds contain the same intermolecular forces?

A)CH₃CH₃ and H₂O
B)CH₃CH₂OH and H₂O
C)H₂S and CH₄
D)NH₃ and CH₄

Question 14

What is the pressure of nitrogen in atmospheres of a sample that is at 745 mmHg?

A)1)02 atm
B)0)980 atm
C)0)750 atm
D)1)50 atm

Question 15

If a scuba diver's lungs have a normal capacity of 4.9 L at sea level (1.0 atm), what would be the volume of her lungs if the pressure at a depth of 50 ft is 975 mmHg?

A)0)26 L
B)477 L
C)6)3 L
D)3)8 L

Question 16

A sample of oxygen at room temperature occupies a volume of 500. L at 1.75 atm. What would be the volume of this gas at 2.50 atm at the same temperature?

A)350. L
B)0)00286 L
C)875 L
D)250. L

Question 17

What is the new volume of a 3.0 L sample of nitrogen gas that is heated from 75°C to 150°C?

A)1)9 L
B)2)5 L
C)3)6 L
D)5)0 L

Question 18

What is standard atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg)in inches mercury (in Hg)? (2.54 cm = 1 in)

A)1930 in Hg
B)101 in Hg
C)76.00 in Hg
D)29.92 in Hg

Question 19

The transition from the gas phase directly to the solid phase is called:

A)condensation
B)freezing
C)sublimation
D)deposition

Question 20

The slow disappearance of a frozen puddle on the sidewalk during winter is due to:

A)sublimation
B)vaporization
C)melting
D)condensation

Question 21

Which of these alkanes has the lowest boiling point?

A)C₂H₆
B)C₄H₁₀
C)C₆H₁₄
D)C₈H₁₈

Question 22

Which of the following compounds will have the lowest boiling point?

A)CH₃CH₂OH
B)NH₃
C)CHCl₃
D)CH₄

Question 23

Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?

A)CH₄
B)CH₃CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₃

Question 24

Which of the following alkanes has the highest boiling point?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
B)
C)
D)

Question 25

Let's compare two compounds of similar molar mass in which A is comprised of nonpolar molecules and B composed of polar molecules. Which of the following statements is true?

A)Both compounds have the same boiling point.
B)B will not boil.
C)B will boil at a lower temperature than will A.
D)B will boil at a higher temperature than will A.

Question 26

Which compound would have the highest boiling point?

A)CH₃-O-CH₂CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂-O-CH₂CH₃
C)
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂-OH

Question 27

Which one of the following is most soluble in hexane, C₆H₁₄?

A)CH₃OH
B)CH₃-O-CH₃
C)CH₃CH₂OH
D)CH₃CH₂CH₃

Question 28

Which of the following would be most soluble in water?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂OH
C)CO₂
D)CH₄

Question 29

Soaps can be described as:

A)esters of fatty acids
B)salts of fatty acids
C)long chain acids
D)all of these

Question 30

The long hydrocarbon tails of soap molecules are:

A)hydrophilic and attracted to water
B)hydrophobic and attracted to water
C)hydrophobic and attracted to oils
D)hydrophilic and attracted to oils

Question 31

The polar heads of soap molecules are:

A)hydrophilic and attracted to water
B)hydrophobic and attracted to water
C)hydrophobic and attracted to oils
D)hydrophilic and attracted to oils

Question 32

Fats are generally ________ at room temperature and are obtained from ________.

A)solids; animals
B)liquids; plants
C)solids; plants
D)liquids; animal

Question 33

What chemical process is used to convert oils into fats and semi-solids?

A)Hydration
B)Hydrogenation
C)Saponification
D)Esterification

Question 34

In naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids the double bonds are:

A)all cis
B)all trans
C)both cis and trans
D)neither cis nor trans

Question 35

Which of the following is most likely to be found in the central region of a lipid membrane?

A)Cholesterol
B)Glycine
C)Glucose
D)Methyl phosphate

Question 36

In a lipid bilayer:

A)the hydrophilic heads of the molecules point towards each other
B)all the molecules are triglycerides
C)the hydrophobic heads point to the hydrophilic tails
D)the hydrophobic tails of the molecules point toward each other

Question 37

Which of the following types of lipids is predominantly found in cell membranes?

A)Waxes
B)Steroids
C)Phospholipids
D)Triglycerides

Question 38

Which of the following statements is not correct about cholesterol?

A)It is an essential component of cell membranes.
B)It is the precursor of steroid hormones.
C)It is soluble in non-polar solvents.
D)It is soluble in polar solvents.

Question 39

Opposite charges attract.

Question 40

London forces are the strongest type of intermolecular attractive force.

Question 41

Induced dipole and dispersion forces describe the same force as London forces.

Question 42

CH₃OCH₃ can make two donor hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 43

A salt solution involves predominantly ionic attractions.

Question 44

A salt bridge involves predominantly ion-dipole attractions.

Question 45

Hydrogen bonding between bases is responsible for the double helix structure of DNA.

Question 46

Boyle's law states that, for a fixed quantity of gas at constant temperature, pressure is directly proportional to the volume.

Question 47

Charles' law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Question 48

In sublimation a solid is converted into a gas.

Question 49

In deposition a gas is converted into a liquid.

Question 50

Stronger attractive forces between molecules in a solid predict lower melting points.

Question 51

Straight chain alkanes have lower boiling points than branched alkanes of the same size.

Question 52

Triglycerides don't dissolve in water because they are polar.

Question 53

Sugar dissolves in water because of the large London forces present in this large molecule.

Question 54

Amphipathic molecules contain both polar and nonpolar regions.

Question 55

Which intermolecular force exists between all molecules regardless of polarity?

Question 56

Five types of attractive forces between molecules include:

Question 57

"Induced dipole" is an equivalent way of saying ________.

Question 58

Dipole-dipole attractions exist between molecules that have a ________ dipole.

Question 59

In order to exhibit hydrogen bonding, the H atom must be bonded to one of the three elements:

Question 60

How many hydrogen bonds can CH₃CH₂NHCH₂OH make with water, both donor and acceptor?

Question 61

The attractions in salt bridges are ________ in nature.

Question 62

Pressure is defined as ________ per unit ________.

Question 63

The variables kept constant in Boyle's law are, ________ and ________.

Question 64

The variables kept constant in Charles' law are, ________ and ________.

Question 65

When applying Charles' law, the temperature must be expressed in ________.

Question 66

In Gay-Lussac's law the variables are: ________ and ________.

Question 67

Convert all the following pressures to atmospheres (atm):

A)10.0 torr
B)75.0 cmHg
C)275 mmHg

Question 68

A balloon filled with helium gas at 1.00 atm occupies 16.5 L. What volume would the balloon occupy in the upper atmosphere, at a pressure of 0.175 atm?

Question 69

In deposition, the ________ state is turned directly into the ________ state.

Question 70

At the boiling point, the vapor pressure is equal to the ________ pressure.

Question 71

Stronger attractive forces predict ________ boiling point and ________ vapor pressure.

Question 72

The boiling points of alkanes increase systematically with their molar mass because of the increase in ________.

Question 73

Hexane and 2,3-dimethylbutane have the same formula and molar mass but hexane has a boiling point about 11° higher. Explain why this is so.

Question 74

For the following pairs of molecules, predict which one has the highest boiling point in each case.

A)CH₃-O-CH₃ and C₂H₅OH
B)HCl and HI
C)H₂O and H₂S
D)(CH₃)₃N and (CH₃)₂NH

Question 75

Rank the following compounds in order of increasing boiling points:
O₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂-OH, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH₃CH₂-O-CH₃, H₂S.
Explain your order.

Question 76

In predicting solubility, ________ dissolves ________.

Question 77

A molecule that contains both polar and nonpolar regions is described as ________.

Question 78

Explain how soap molecules make micelles to remove dirt and grime from objects.

Question 79

What is the difference between the terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

Question 80

Draw a triglyceride with all saturated carbon chains that have 10 carbons in length.