Deck 12: Food As Fuel - A Metabolic Overview

Question 1

The metabolic process that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate is called:

A)gluconeogenesis
B)glycolysis
C)anabolism
D)citric acid cycle

Answer 1

glycolysis

Question 2

The metabolic process that involves the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones is called:

A)anabolism
B)catabolism
C)glycolysis
D)gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

anabolism

Question 3

The metabolic process that involves the synthesis of smaller molecules from larger ones is called:

A)anabolism
B)catabolism
C)glycolysis
D)gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

catabolism

Question 4

The organelle that is considered to be the energy producing factory of the cell is called the:

A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)mitochondria
C)nucleus
D)lysosomes

Question 5

The breakdown and digestion of carbohydrates is considered to be a (n)________ process.

A)anabolic
B)catabolic
C)oxidation
D)reduction

Question 6

The conversions of proteins into amino acids, polysaccharides into monosaccharides, and lipids into glycerol and fatty acids are all examples of:

A)oxidation
B)reduction
C)hydrolysis
D)condensation

Question 7

Pyruvate contains how many carbon atoms?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 8

What is the abbreviation for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide?

A)NAD
B)NAD⁺
C)NADH
D)NADH₂

Question 9

What is the abbreviation for the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH₂?

A)FAD
B)FAD⁺
C)FADH
D)FADH⁺

Question 10

Which of the following contains the vitamin pantothenic acid, Vitamin B₅?

A)ATP
B)NADH
C)FADH₂
D)Coenzyme A

Question 11

Which of the following contains the vitamin riboflavin, Vitamin B₂?

A)ATP
B)NADH
C)FAD
D)Coenzyme A

Question 12

Which of the following contains the vitamin niacin, Vitamin B₃?

A)ATP
B)NAD⁺
C)FAD
D)Coenzyme A

Question 13

Which of the following molecules contains high energy bonds?

A)ATP
B)AMP
C)CO₂
D)Isocitrate

Question 14

The acetyl group in acetyl CoA is linked through what kind of bond?

A)C-C bond
B)C-S bond
C)C-O bond
D)C-N bond

Question 15

Which of the following contains the vitamin niacin, B₃, as part of its structure?

A)ATP
B)NADH
C)FADH₂
D)Coenzyme Q

Question 16

Which of the following contains the vitamin riboflavin, Vitamin B₂, as part of its structure?

A)ATP
B)NADH
C)FADH₂
D)Coenzyme Q

Question 17

What is the correct abbreviation for the oxidized form of the nucleotide flavin adenine dinucleotide?

A)FAD
B)FADH
C)FAD⁺
D)FADH₂

Question 18

Which of the following lipoproteins is solely used to transport triglycerides in the body?

A)Chylomicrons
B)High density lipoproteins
C)Low density lipoproteins
D)Very low density lipoproteins

Question 19

Which of the following macromolecules are first broken down in the mouth by an enzyme called amylase?

A)Proteins
B)Fats
C)Carbohydrates
D)All of these

Question 20

Which two monosaccharides are produced by the action of lactase on lactose?

A)Glucose + glucose
B)Glucose + galactose
C)Fructose + glucose
D)Fructose + galactose

Question 21

Which disaccharide is produced by the action of alpha-amylase on starch in the mouth?

A)Sucrose
B)Lactose
C)Maltose
D)Cellobiose

Question 22

Which of the following is a carrier of intermediates in metabolism?

A)ADP
B)Nicotinic acid
C)Coenzyme A
D)Succinate

Question 23

The final product of aerobic glycolysis is:

A)pyruvate
B)acetyl CoA
C)lactate
D)ethanol

Question 24

Anaerobic metabolism occurs in the:

A)mitochondria
B)cytosol
C)cytosol and mitochondria
D)extracellular fluid

Question 25

How many ATP are formed when one molecule of glucose goes through glycolysis?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 26

How many NADH molecules are formed when one molecule of glucose goes through glycolysis?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 27

Which of the following products of glycolysis is an inhibitor of the enzyme phosphofructokinase to slow down the process?

A)NADH
B)Pyruvate
C)Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D)ATP

Question 28

Pyruvate can be converted into two different products depending on whether oxygen is readily available or not. Under conditions of strenuous activity the product is:

A)acetyl CoA
B)lactate
C)pyruvate
D)CO₂

Question 29

The process of ________ is when pyruvate is converted to ethanol.

A)fermentation
B)glycolysis
C)oxidation
D)reduction

Question 30

In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA what molecule along with CO₂ is formed?

A)NAD⁺
B)NADH
C)ATP
D)ADP

Question 31

Pyruvate undergoes an oxidative decarboxylation with CoA to produce acetyl CoA and:

A)lactate
B)glutamate
C)CO₂
D)NAD⁺

Question 32

How many NADH molecules are formed during a turn of the citric acid cycle?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 33

How many FADH₂ molecules are formed during a turn of the citric acid cycle?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 34

In the reaction in which succinate is converted to fumarate in the citric acid cycle, succinate undergoes a(n):

A)isomerization
B)hydration
C)oxidation
D)oxidative decarboxylation

Question 35

Which of the following is the first molecule formed in the citric acid cycle?

A)Succinate
B)Fumarate
C)Citrate
D)Oxaloacetate

Question 36

The reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the ________ of the mitochondria.

A)inner membrane
B)outer membrane
C)matrix
D)stoma

Question 37

Which of these reactions in the citric acid cycle produces CO₂?

A)Conversion of isocitrate to ?-ketoglutarate
B)Conversion of succinate to fumarate
C)Conversion of fumarate to malate
D)Conversion of malate to oxaloacetate

Question 38

The process that removes CO₂ from the molecules is called:

A)isomerization
B)dehydration
C)hydrolysis
D)oxidative decarboxylation

Question 39

What high energy molecule is produced during the hydrolysis reaction of succinyl CoA to succinate?

A)ATP
B)NADH
C)GTP
D)FAD

Question 40

In the dehydrogenation of succinate to fumarate a molecule of ________ is formed.

A)NADH
B)ATP
C)FAD
D)FADH₂

Question 41

How many CO₂ molecules are formed in one turn of the citric acid cycle?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6

Question 42

Which of the following molecules are produced in the citric acid cycle?

A)NAD⁺
B)CO₂
C)GDP
D)FAD

Question 43

FADH₂ transfers its electrons into the electron transport chain in the mitochondrion directly to:

A)cytochrome c
B)flavoprotein
C)coenzyme Q
D)ATP-ase

Question 44

In the first complex of the electron transport chain, how many protons are pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 45

Which of the following components move electrons from complex III to complex IV?

A)Coenzyme Q
B)FADH₂
C)Cytochrome c
D)QH₂

Question 46

What is the final product of the electron transport chain?

A)O₂
B)H₂O
C)QH₂
D)All of the above

Question 47

What is the reduced form of coenzyme Q?

A)Q⁺
B)QH
C)QH⁺
D)QH₂

Question 48

For every two C₂ fragments that enter the citric acid cycle, the number of ATP and GTP molecules produced is:

A)24
B)22
C)10
D)12

Question 49

How many protons are pumped across the inner membrane for each NADH molecule that enters the electron transport chain?

A)10
B)6
C)8
D)12

Question 50

How many protons are pumped across the inner membrane for each FADH₂ molecule that enters the electron transport chain?

A)10
B)6
C)8
D)12

Question 51

How many ATP molecules are synthesized for each molecule of NADH that enters the electron transport chain?

A)3
B)2)5
C)1)5
D)4

Question 52

How many ATP molecules are synthesized for each molecule of FADH₂ that enters the electron transport chain?

A)3
B)2)5
C)1)5
D)4

Question 53

The total number of ATP produced on the complete metabolism of glucose in skeletal muscle is:

A)20
B)32
C)12
D)36

Question 54

The initial reaction in the ?-oxidation spiral of fatty acids produces:

A)acetyl CoA
B)fatty acyl CoA
C)carbamoyl phosphate
D)dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 55

How many carbon atoms are removed during each four-step cycle of ?-oxidation of a fatty acid?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 56

The proton translocating ATP synthase is located where in the mitochondria?

A)The inner membrane
B)The inner membrane space
C)The outer membrane
D)Matrix

Question 57

What high energy molecules are produced in one cycle of the ?-oxidation of a fatty acid?

A)2 NADH
B)1 FADH₂ and 1 NADH
C)2 FADH₂
D)ATP

Question 58

How many turns of the ?-oxidation cycle are required to consume one molecule of a 16-carbon fatty acid?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)9

Question 59

How many ATPs are produced from the ?-oxidation of one arachidic acid (saturated C20)entering the process as an acyl CoA?

A)94
B)108
C)122
D)136

Question 60

________ are chemical intermediates formed by enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Question 61

Three molecules that transfer energy through the body are ________, ________, and ________.

Question 62

Catabolism refers to chemical reactions in which ________ molecules are converted into ________ molecules and energy is ________.

Question 63

The fluid part of the cytoplasm that contains enzymes is called the ________.

Question 64

________ contain the structures for the production of ATP.

Question 65

Write the reduced forms of the nucleotides, NAD⁺ and FAD, respectively.

Question 66

The full name of FAD is ________.

Question 67

What is the process of breaking up large nonpolar molecules like fats into micelles called?

Question 68

Lactase converts Lactose into ________ and ________.

Question 69

Sucrase converts sucrose into ________ and ________.

Question 70

What are the products of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins?

Question 71

Pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin are all examples of ________.

Question 72

The net production of ATP from the conversion of one molecule of glucose in glycolysis is ________.

Question 73

There are ________ reactions in the glycolysis pathway.

Question 74

The conversion of pyruvate to ethanol under anaerobic conditions is called ________.

Question 75

There are ________ reactions in the citric acid cycle

Question 76

One turn of the citric acid cycle produces ________ NADH₂, ________ FADH₂ and _______ GTP.

Question 77

How many ATP are formed from one palmitic (C16)acid molecule undergoing beta oxidation?

Question 78

Explain the process of ketosis.

Question 79

Catabolism involves breaking down larger molecules with the consumption of energy.

Question 80

Condensation and reduction reactions are characteristic of reactions in anabolism.