Deck 11: Nucleic Acids - Big Molecules With a Big Role

Question 1

A feature that distinguishes ribose from deoxyribose is the absence of an OH at the:

A)2'-carbon
B)3'-carbon
C)1'-carbon
D)5'-carbon

Answer 1

2'-carbon

Question 2

The sugar that is part of the backbone of DNA contains how many carbon atoms?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Answer 2

5

Question 3

Cytosine is the name of a(n):

A)pyrimidine base
B)purine base
C)amino acid
D)nucleoside

Answer 3

pyrimidine base

Question 4

Identify the base not found in DNA.

A)Adenine
B)Guanine
C)Cytosine
D)Uracil

Question 5

When adenine is connected to the deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate, its name becomes:

A)adenine
B)adenosine
C)adenosine monophosphate
D)none of the above

Question 6

When guanine is connected to the deoxyribose sugar, its name becomes:

A)guanosine monophosphate
B)guanosine
C)guanine
D)none of the above

Question 7

The structure of cytosine is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 8

The structure of adenine is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 9

The structure of thymine is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 10

The structure of guanine is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 11

The glycosidic bond that connects the sugar and the purine base is as what position on the base?

A)N-1 atom
B)N-9 atom
C)N-3 atom
D)C-8 atom

Question 12

The glycosidic bond that connects the sugar and the pyrimidine base is as what position on the base?

A)N-1 atom
B)N-9 atom
C)N-3 atom
D)C-8 atom

Question 13

At which carbon atom in ribose or deoxyribose is the glycosidic bond formed?

A)1'
B)3'
C)4'
D)5'

Question 14

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found only in RNA?

A)Adenine
B)Thymine
C)Uracil
D)Cytosine

Question 15

Guanine is what type of nitrogenous base?

A)Purine
B)Pyrimidine
C)Pyrrole
D)Porphyrin

Question 16

Thymine is what type of nitrogenous base?

A)Purine
B)Pyrimidine
C)Pyrrole
D)Porphyrin

Question 17

Identify the components in this nucleoside:

A)deoxyribose + cytosine
B)ribose + cytosine
C)deoxyribose + thymine
D)ribose + uracil

Question 18

Which nucleotide is not found in RNA?

A)CMP
B)UMP
C)AMP
D)dAMP

Question 19

The backbone in a nucleic acids strand is called:

A)glycosidic bond
B)phosphodiester backbone
C)sugar backbone
D)peptide backbone

Question 20

The sequence GCCCTGA has the A at the:

A)5'-end
B)3'-end
C)can be either the 5' or 3'-end
D)depends on size of DNA

Question 21

The phosphodiester bond that forms between two adjacent sugars is connected via which two carbons of the sugar molecules?

A)1' and 5'
B)3' and 5'
C)2' and 6'
D)1' and 6'

Question 22

The backbone of a nucleic acid strand consists of:

A)alternating nitrogen bases and phosphate groups linked by amide bonds
B)alternating sugar and nitrogen bases liked by peptide bonds
C)alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds
D)complimentary bases held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 23

A correct set of complimentary base pairs in DNA are:

A)AU
B)GC
C)AG
D)TC

Question 24

A correct set of complimentary base pairs in DNA are:

A)AU
B)TC
C)AT
D)GA

Question 25

The base pair adenine and thymine form how many hydrogen bonds with each other?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 26

The base pairs guanine and cytosine form how many hydrogen bonds with each other?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 27

What is the complimentary DNA sequence to the strand below?
C-G-G-T-T-A-G

A)G-C-C-A-A-T-C
B)C-G-G-T-T-A-G
C)A-T-T-G-G-C-T
D)G-C-C-U-U-U-C

Question 28

What is complimentary DNA sequence for the strand TCGA?

A)TGCA
B)AGCT
C)CTAC
D)GATC

Question 29

The hydrogen bonding in the AT base pair involves the nitrogen atoms in the purine ring associated with the:

A)6-membered ring
B)5-membered ring
C)both the 5- and 6-membered rings
D)none of these

Question 30

What type of bonding holds the double strand of DNA together?

A)Covalent bonding
B)Ionic bonding
C)Hydrogen bonding
D)None of these

Question 31

The tertiary structure of a DNA double strand is further twisted into what is called:

A)supercoiling
B)wrapping
C)twisting
D)chromosomes

Question 32

The 3'-end of a tRNA molecule:

A)contains the anticodon loop
B)binds to a specific amino acid
C)has no known function
D)binds to rRNA

Question 33

Which type of RNA is involved in the process of transcription?

A)Transfer RNA
B)Ribosomal RNA
C)Messenger RNA
D)Viral RNA

Question 34

In order to make a protein a copy of the DNA must be done by which type of RNA?

A)Messenger RNA
B)Ribosomal RNA
C)Viral RNA
D)Transfer RNA

Question 35

The protein factory in a cell is contained in a ribosome. The ribosome is made of what type of nucleic acid strands?

A)mRNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)vRNA

Question 36

The beginning process of protein synthesis by DNA is called:

A)translation
B)transcription
C)transfer
D)copying

Question 37

The second step of protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes and is called:

A)translation
B)transcription
C)transfer
D)copying

Question 38

How many bases are in the sequence in an anticodon?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 39

The type of RNA that contains the anticodon for an amino acid is called:

A)mRNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)vRNA

Question 40

The type of RNA that contains the amino acid covalently bound to it is called:

A)tRNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)vRNA

Question 41

The sequence of bases in a DNA template is 5'ACATGCAT3". What is the correct sequence in the corresponding mRNA strand?

A)3'UGUACGUA5'
B)5'UGUACGUA3'
C)3'TGTACGTA5'
D)5'TGTACGTA3'

Question 42

In protein synthesis, the initial amino acid is always:

A)glycine
B)cysteine
C)methionine
D)alanine

Question 43

The initiating codon in protein synthesis is:

A)GGG
B)AUG
C)GUA
D)ATG

Question 44

Which of these sequences does not represent a STOP codon?

A)UAA
B)UAG
C)UGA
D)UGG

Question 45

What is the amino acid sequence coded from the following mRNA sequence?
CUC-ACU-CAU-AGC

A)Leu-Thr-His-Ser
B)Ser-His-Thr-Leu
C)Pro-Gln-Trp-Gly
D)Ala-Ser-His-Thr

Question 46

What is the amino acid sequence coded from the following mRNA sequence?
GUU-AGC-ACA-CAU

A)Ala-Ser-Thr-Gln
B)Val-Ser-Thr-Gln
C)Val-Ser-Thr-His
D)Ala-Ser-Thr-His

Question 47

Which of the following genetic diseases involves the substitution of one amino acid in the protein structure?

A)Tay-Sachs
B)Sickle Cell anemia
C)Down Syndrome
D)Cystic fibrous

Question 48

Draw the basic structure of a purine base and show the numbering of the atoms in the rings.

Question 49

Draw the basic structure of a pyrimidine base and show the numbering of the atoms in the ring.

Question 50

Describe how the base thymine differs from cytosine.

Question 51

The formation of a glycosidic bond from a sugar and a base is an example of what kind of reaction?

Question 52

Draw the nucleoside formed by condensation of deoxyribose with guanine at the 1' position on the sugar.

Question 53

Identify the components in a phosphodiester bond.

Question 54

In the conventional depiction of a nucleic acid sequence, the 5' end is on the ________, and the 3' end on the ________.

Question 55

Draw the molecular structure of the nucleic acid sequence having the abbreviation AGCT. Indicate the free 3' and 5' ends of the sequence.

Question 56

The further twisting of the DNA double helix structure in the tertiary structure of a chromosome is called ________.

Question 57

In a chromosome, the DNA strands are wrapped around proteins called ________.

Question 58

Write the base sequence of the complementary strand for a segment of DNA having the following base sequence: 5'TCAGGCCTAA3'. Show the corresponding 3' and 5' ends.

Question 59

Three types of RNA are involved in transforming a DNA sequence into a protein sequence. They are called: ________, ________, and ________.

Question 60

The ribosome composed of ribosomal ________ and ________.

Question 61

________ is the second step in the process of making a protein from DNA, which occurs in the ribosome.

Question 62

Write the base sequence of the strand of mRNA that is complementary to this segment of DNA having the following base sequence: 5'GATCACCGTAGA3'. Show the corresponding 3' and 5' ends.

Question 63

The following sequence of triplets is in the template DNA strand: 3'TCT|CCA|ACA|GGG5'. Write the corresponding mRNA section and label the 3' and 5' ends. What sequence of amino acids would be placed in a peptide chain?

Question 64

The codons ACU, ACC, ACA and ACG all code for the amino acid ________.

Question 65

The enzyme complex that binds to DNA in the creation of mRNA is called ________.

Question 66

Give several types of substances that could cause a mutation.

Question 67

What are two components that are common to all viruses?

Question 68

Define what is meant by a retrovirus.

Question 69

Thymine and cytosine are both pyrimidine bases.

Question 70

Ribose has no oxygen atom bonded at the 2' carbon atom.

Question 71

The following represents the structure of a purine base:

Question 72

In a nucleoside, the sugar and the base are connected through a glycosidic bond.

Question 73

A nucleoside consists of a phosphate, a sugar and a base connected through condensation reactions.

Question 74

The nucleotide CMP contains cytidine and two phosphate groups.

Question 75

The nucleotide ATP contains adenosine and three phosphate groups.

Question 76

The "d"
in dCMP stands for "deoxy"

Question 77

The abbreviation for this nucleic acid sequence is GCAG.

Question 78

The complementary bases of T and C are A and G respectively.

Question 79

In the DNA double helix, the bases C and G are connected via two hydrogen bonds.

Question 80

In the DNA double helix, the bases A and T are connected via two hydrogen bonds.