Question 1

Which among the following bones when fractured, puts a person at high risk of fat embolism?&#10;A) Sacrum&#10;B) Scapula&#10;C) Tibia&#10;D) Patella

Accepted Answer

The medullary cavity of long bones contains both yellow and red marrow.The yellow marrow comprises mostly fats.Therefore, fats can be released from the cavity when long bones are fractured possibly causing fat embolism.

Question 2

What is the role of oestrogen in bone physiology?&#10;A) Oestrogen helps absorb calcium, which is essential for bone formation&#10;B) Oestrogen helps decrease bone resorption&#10;C) Oestrogen helps absorb calcium, which is essential for bone formation and Oestrogen helps decrease bone resorption&#10;D) None are correct

Accepted Answer

Oestrogen helps decrease bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity, which is crucial for maintaining bone density and strength.

Question 3

A patient presents to ED due to a suspected fracture with pain of the limb due to a fall. Which among the following findings is a solid sign of arterial damage?&#10;A) Affected area is hot to touch&#10;B) Capillary refill time is <2 seconds&#10;C) Dorsalis pedis pulse is absent&#10;D) Dorsalis pedis is cyanosed

Accepted Answer

The absence of the dorsalis pedis pulse is a solid sign of arterial damage, indicating that blood flow to the area is compromised. This can occur due to trauma or injury leading to a fracture, which may damage nearby arteries.

Question 4

What pulse should be palpated upon assessment if the suspected fracture involves the upper extremity?&#10;A) Radial pulse&#10;B) Ulnar pulse&#10;C) Brachial pulse&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

All pulses mentioned (radial, ulnar, and brachial) should be palpated to assess blood flow to the entire upper extremity when a fracture is suspected. This ensures that the fracture has not compromised blood flow to any part of the limb.

Question 5

In managing a musculoskeletal injury, the following interventions should be rendered, EXCEPT:&#10;A) Elevate an injured limb above the level of the heart&#10;B) Properly immobilise a fractured bone&#10;C) Maintain body alignment in turning or rolling the patient&#10;D) Application of plaster, casts, bandages and traction should not be too tight

Accepted Answer

Elevating an injured limb will impede venous return, therefore increasing the risk of compartment syndrome.

Question 6

In a knee joint fracture, which nerve is potentially affected or injured?&#10;A) Sciatic nerve&#10;B) Common peroneal nerve&#10;C) Radial nerve&#10;D) Median nerve

Accepted Answer

The common peroneal nerve, a branch of the sciatic nerve, wraps around the neck of the fibula near the knee, making it susceptible to injury in cases of knee joint fractures.

Question 7

A partial displacement of the articular surfaces:&#10;A) Perforation&#10;B) Dislocation&#10;C) Subluxation&#10;D) Comminution

Accepted Answer

Subluxation is the correct term for a partial displacement of the articular surfaces, where the joint surfaces lose their normal alignment to some extent but are not completely dislocated.

Question 8

A patient presents to ED with an upper extremity open fracture. What should be the INITIAL intervention?&#10;A) Irrigate the wound and apply a sterile, saline-soaked dressing&#10;B) Irrigate the wound and cover with sterile gauze&#10;C) Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics&#10;D) Perform wound debridement

Accepted Answer

Irrigation and sterile dressing application are the initial interventions for open fractures to prevent infection and further contamination.

Question 9

An increase in pressure within a restricted space:&#10;A) Cavity syndrome&#10;B) Chamber disorder&#10;C) Compartment disorder&#10;D) Compartment syndrome

Accepted Answer

Compartment syndrome occurs when pressure within a muscle compartment increases, restricting blood flow and potentially causing muscle and nerve damage.

Question 10

What is the normal compartment pressure?&#10;A) 8 mmHg or lesss&#10;B) 20 mmHg&#10;C) 12 mmHg or less&#10;D) Any of those is normal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the normal compartment pressure?&#10;A) 8...

Deck 48: Major Orthopaedic and Neurovascular Trauma