Question 1

How does a baby of less than 3 months old breathe?&#10;A) They are obligate nose breathers&#10;B) They are obligate mouth breathers&#10;C) They can breathe both through their nose or their mouth&#10;D) They cannot breathe in a prone position

Accepted Answer

Babies under 3 months old are obligate nose breathers, meaning they primarily breathe through their noses. This is important for breastfeeding, as it allows them to breathe while feeding.

Question 2

The mnemonic CIAMPEDS is used to guide clinicians in collecting relevant history for the paediatric presentation. What does 'I' stand for?&#10;A) Intake and output&#10;B) Infectious contact history&#10;C) Immunisation status/Isolation&#10;D) Irritability of the child

Accepted Answer

'I' in CIAMPEDS stands for Immunisation status/Isolation, which is important in assessing a child's risk for certain diseases and determining necessary precautions.

Question 3

Which among the following is a suggestive sign of pyloric stenosis?&#10;A) Dusky skin colour&#10;B) Sweating&#10;C) Projectile vomiting&#10;D) Diarrhoea

Accepted Answer

Projectile vomiting is a classic symptom of pyloric stenosis, which is a condition where the passage from the stomach to the small intestine (the pylorus) becomes narrowed, preventing food from passing through easily.

Question 4

Which among the following observations should raise a concern?&#10;A) A 4-month-old child is unable to sit without support&#10;B) A 9-month-old child is unable to walk without assistance&#10;C) A 2-year-old child is unable to complete a sentence but can combine words&#10;D) A 21-month-old child is unable to say a single word, not even 'mama' or 'dada'.

Accepted Answer

From 9-12 months the child should be able to say 'mama' and 'dada'. At 17-21 months a child should be able to say several words. Inability to say a single word at 21 months may indicate deafness or developmental delay.

Question 5

Presence of this adventitious lung sound is indicative of narrowing of the airways:&#10;A) Wheezes&#10;B) Creps&#10;C) Crackles&#10;D) Rales

Accepted Answer

Wheezes are high-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways and are often heard in conditions like asthma and COPD, indicating obstruction or narrowing of the airways.

Question 6

Which among the following evaluation can be used to help assess peripheral perfusion without resorting to invasive procedure?&#10;A) Check the colour of the lips&#10;B) Check capillary refill time&#10;C) Monitor respiration: rate, sound and characteristics&#10;D) Check the arterial blood gas

Accepted Answer

Capillary refill time is a non-invasive method to assess peripheral perfusion by observing how quickly blood returns to the capillaries after being compressed.

Question 7

What score based on the modified Glasgow Coma Scale for children is indicative of severe neurological injury? A) >8 B) <8 C) >9 D) <9

Accepted Answer

A score of <8 on the modified Glasgow Coma Scale for children is indicative of severe neurological injury, reflecting a higher risk of morbidity and mortality.

Question 8

It is the mainstay of management for children with croup:&#10;A) Fever management&#10;B) Pain management&#10;C) Steroid administration&#10;D) NSAIDs administration

Accepted Answer

The administration of steroids results in a significant improvement of swollen airways by decreasing the inflammation of the respiratory tract.

Question 9

The drug of choice in managing bronchospasm among children with asthma.&#10;A) Corticosteroids&#10;B) NSAIDs&#10;C) Benzodiazepine&#10;D) Bronchodilatiors

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilators are the primary treatment for managing bronchospasm in children with asthma, as they work by relaxing the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe.

Question 10

Commonly known as the 'whooping' cough due to its 'whoop' characteristic, which occurs with inspiration at the end of a couging paroxysm.&#10;A) Laryngotracheobronchitis&#10;B) Asthma&#10;C) Bronchiolitis&#10;D) Pertussis

Accepted Answer

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is characterized by severe coughing fits followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound during the subsequent breath, which is distinctive of this bacterial infection.

Deck 35: Paediatric Emergencies