Question 1

The following are the three meninges that protect the brain, EXCEPT:&#10;A) Dura mater&#10;B) Pia mater&#10;C) White matter&#10;D) Arachnoid matter

Accepted Answer

The three meninges that protect the brain are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. White matter is not a meninx but rather a component of the brain and spinal cord consisting of myelinated nerve fibers.

Question 2

What part of the brain contains the vasomotor control centres?&#10;A) Brainstem&#10;B) Cerebellum&#10;C) Diencephalon&#10;D) Cerebrum

Accepted Answer

The brainstem contains the vasomotor control centers, which are crucial for regulating blood pressure by controlling the dilation and constriction of blood vessels.

Question 3

What statement best describes Monro-Kellie hypothesis?&#10;A) A change of one of the cranial components (brain tissue, blood or CSF) which would lead to the reduction or displacement of the other&#10;B) A change in any component (brain tissue, blood or CSF) does not cause any displacement of the other component&#10;C) Any change would cause the pressure in the cranium to decrease&#10;D) None are correct.

Accepted Answer

The Monro-Kellie hypothesis posits that the cranial compartment is incompressible, and the volume inside the cranium is fixed. Therefore, an increase in volume of one of the cranial constituents (brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid) must be compensated by a decrease in volume of another, to maintain a constant intracranial pressure.

Question 4

What are the prioritiesin a neurological emergency?&#10;A) Identifying the potential cause&#10;B) Monitoring for increased intracranial pressure&#10;C) Treatment for hypoxia and hypotension&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

In a neurological emergency, it is crucial to identify the potential cause of the condition, monitor for increased intracranial pressure, and treat any hypoxia and hypotension. These steps are essential for stabilizing the patient and preventing further neurological damage.

Question 5

A persistent and untreated increase in intracranial pressure would lead to a type of herniation causing dilated and fixed pupils due to cranial nerve III affectation. What is this type of herniation?&#10;A) Central herniation&#10;B) Lateral herniation&#10;C) Cingulate herniation&#10;D) None are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of A persistent and untreated increase in intracranial...

Question 6

In a suspected brain herniation, a Cheyne-Stokes respiration could be identified. How do you describe Cheyne-Stokes?&#10;A) Deep tachypnoeic breathing followed by periods of apnoea&#10;B) Shallow and slow breathing with apnoea&#10;C) Persistent deep breathing&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is characterized by a cyclic pattern of gradual increase in the depth of breathing, followed by a decrease, resulting in a temporary stop in breathing (apnoea). This pattern repeats, distinguishing it from the other options which do not accurately describe the cyclical nature or the combination of deep, then shallow, breathing leading to apnoea.

Question 7

A condition referred to as rapidly developed clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function lasting minutes to less than 24 hours.&#10;A) Ischemic stroke&#10;B) Haemorrhagic stroke&#10;C) Transient ischemic attack&#10;D) All are correct.

Accepted Answer

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is characterized by a temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke, lasting less than 24 hours and typically resolving within minutes to hours, without causing permanent damage.

Question 8

In using FAST criteria in the assessment of stroke, what does the F stand for?&#10;A) Feet paralysis&#10;B) Facial weakness&#10;C) Finger dislocation&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

The "F" in FAST stands for Facial weakness, which is a common sign of stroke, indicating that one side of the face may droop or be hard to move.

Question 9

An episode of abnormal neurological function caused by abnormal discharge of brain neurons:&#10;A) Seizure&#10;B) Convulsion&#10;C) Spasm&#10;D) None are correct

Accepted Answer

A seizure is characterized by an episode of abnormal neurological function due to the abnormal discharge of brain neurons. Convulsions and spasms can be symptoms or manifestations of a seizure, but the term "seizure" specifically refers to the neurological condition itself.

Question 10

This happens when there is an excessive and abnormal motor activity mostly secondary to abnormal electrical discharges from the neurons:&#10;A) Seizure&#10;B) Convulsion&#10;C) Spasm&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of This happens when there is an excessive...

Deck 23: Neurological Emergencies