Question 1

Pleural abnormalities include:&#10;A) Haemothorax&#10;B) Aspiration&#10;C) Atelectasis&#10;D) Bronchiectasis

Accepted Answer

Haemothorax is a pleural abnormality, involving the accumulation of blood in the pleural space. Aspiration involves inhalation of foreign materials into the airways, atelectasis is the collapse of lung tissue, and bronchiectasis is the permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung, none of which are primarily pleural abnormalities.

Question 2

What is expected when the tidal volume decreases due to very slow respiratory rate?&#10;A) Hypercapnia&#10;B) Hypocapnia&#10;C) Alkalosis&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

When the tidal volume decreases due to a very slow respiratory rate, it means less carbon dioxide (CO2) is being expelled from the lungs, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood, which is known as hypercapnia.

Question 3

An indication of low oxygen saturation that can be observed in the extremities:&#10;A) Central cyanosis&#10;B) Peripheral cyanosis&#10;C) Jaundice&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

Peripheral cyanosis is a condition where there is a bluish discoloration of the extremities, such as fingers and toes, due to low oxygen saturation in the blood.

Question 4

What of the following is a critical and a significant finding that indicates a worsening respiratory function?&#10;A) Low GCS score&#10;B) Increased respiratory rate&#10;C) Heart rate&#10;D) Blood pressure

Accepted Answer

The answer of What of the following is a critical...

Question 5

What can you hear in a partially obstructed airway?&#10;A) Vesicular sound&#10;B) Wheezes&#10;C) Rhonchi&#10;D) Crackles

Accepted Answer

Wheezes are high-pitched sounds typically heard in a partially obstructed airway due to narrowed air passages.

Question 6

A patient's ABG results are the following: pH - 7.5, PaCO2 -27mmHg, HCO3 - 24 mmol/L, PaO2 90 mmHg and SaO2 97%. What is your interpretation of the results?&#10;A) Compensated respiratory acidosis&#10;B) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis&#10;C) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis&#10;D) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

The ABG results show a high pH (7.5) indicating alkalosis, and a low PaCO2 (27 mmHg) which points to a respiratory cause. Since the HCO3- is normal (24 mmol/L), it suggests that there has not been time for metabolic compensation, making it an uncompensated respiratory alkalosis.

Question 7

All of the following deliver low-flow oxygen, EXCEPT:&#10;A) Nasal cannula&#10;B) Simple mask&#10;C) Venturi mask&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

The Venturi mask is designed to deliver a precise concentration of oxygen, making it a high-flow oxygen delivery system, unlike the nasal cannula and simple mask which are low-flow systems.

Question 8

The condition where fluid accumulates in the alveolar space disrupting effective gas exchange:&#10;A) Acute pulmonary oedema&#10;B) Pulmonary embolism&#10;C) Hyperventilation&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

Acute pulmonary oedema is the condition where fluid accumulates in the alveolar space, disrupting effective gas exchange. Pulmonary embolism and hyperventilation do not directly cause fluid accumulation in the alveoli.

Question 9

What is one common cause or trigger for asthma?&#10;A) Respiratory infection&#10;B) Food&#10;C) Coughing&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

Respiratory infections are a common trigger for asthma, as they can lead to inflammation and narrowing of the airways.

Question 10

The most common type of pneumonia presenting in the ED by statistics:&#10;A) Hospital-acquired pneumonia&#10;B) Community-acquired pneumonia&#10;C) Aspiration pneumonia&#10;D) All are correct

Accepted Answer

Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common type of pneumonia seen in the emergency department, as it occurs in individuals who have not been hospitalized or lived in a long-term care facility within 14 days of the onset of symptoms.

Deck 21: Respiratory Emergencies