Question 1

The ethical principle in triaging patients in ED, where the sickest patients need to be seen first, is a form of:&#10;A) Autonomy&#10;B) Universalism&#10;C) Individualism&#10;D) Utilitarianism

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism is the ethical principle that emphasizes the greatest good for the greatest number. In the context of triaging patients in the emergency department (ED), this principle is applied by prioritizing the sickest patients first to maximize the overall health outcomes.

Question 2

An ethical principle where a health professional considers people's decisions and values.&#10;A) Respect for autonomy&#10;B) Beneficence&#10;C) Non-maleficence&#10;D) Justice

Accepted Answer

Respect for autonomy is the ethical principle that emphasizes respecting and supporting the decisions and values of individuals, allowing them to make their own informed choices regarding their health care.

Question 3

Which of the following is a case of implied consent?&#10;A) Consenting for catheterisation&#10;B) Rolling up sleeves to expose for injection site&#10;C) Allowing blood samples to be taken&#10;D) Allowing swabs to be taken for an MRSA test

Accepted Answer

Implied consent refers to a situation where a person's actions rather than explicit consent indicate their agreement to a medical procedure. Rolling up one's sleeves to expose an injection site is a classic example of implied consent, as it demonstrates the patient's non-verbal agreement to the procedure without a direct verbal or written consent.

Question 4

Prima facie duties are described as:&#10;A) Applying only to a specific situation&#10;B) Being considered universal in all situations&#10;C) Not applicable to any situation&#10;D) All are correct.

Accepted Answer

Prima facie duties are described as being considered universal in all situations, meaning they are duties that are generally binding on individuals, but can be overridden by more pressing moral obligations in specific contexts.

Question 5

The ethical principle representing equal treatment to patients and treating like cases alike is:&#10;A) Beneficence&#10;B) Justice&#10;C) Non-maleficence&#10;D) Autonomy

Accepted Answer

Justice is the ethical principle concerned with fairness, equity, and equality in the treatment of individuals, including in healthcare settings, ensuring that like cases are treated alike.

Question 6

The ethical principle concerned with minimising harm and promoting good is called:&#10;A) Beneficence&#10;B) Autonomy&#10;C) Justice&#10;D) Respect

Accepted Answer

Beneficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes acting in the best interest of others, which includes minimizing harm and promoting good.

Question 7

Australian College of Ambulance Professionals ascribes to the following principles, except:&#10;A) Respect&#10;B) Integrity&#10;C) Competence&#10;D) Fidelity

Accepted Answer

The Australian College of Ambulance Professionals (ACAP) emphasizes principles such as Respect, Integrity, and Competence as part of their professional values. Fidelity, while a valuable principle, is not specifically listed among the core values or principles ascribed to by ACAP.

Question 8

In New Zealand, what is the legal age of an individual when he or she can fully decide about his/her own health?&#10;A) 18 years old&#10;B) 21 years old&#10;C) 16 years old&#10;D) 22 years old

Accepted Answer

In New Zealand, individuals aged 16 and over can make their own decisions regarding their health care, as they are considered to have the same rights to consent to medical treatment as adults.

Question 9

When you insist on giving a blood transfusion to a patient that conflicts with his religious beliefs, you are violating his/her right for:&#10;A) Justice&#10;B) Beneficence&#10;C) Non-maleficence&#10;D) Autonomy

Accepted Answer

By insisting on giving a blood transfusion that conflicts with a patient's religious beliefs, you are violating their right to autonomy. Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make informed decisions about their own healthcare, based on their values, beliefs, and preferences.

Question 10

Considering a patient's stories when suspecting domestic violence, what type of approach can be taken?&#10;A) Justice&#10;B) Beneficence&#10;C) Narrative approach&#10;D) Positive inquiry approach

Accepted Answer

The narrative approach involves listening to and considering the patient's stories and experiences, which is crucial in understanding and addressing the context of domestic violence.

Deck 3: Clinical Ethics for Emergency Healthcare