Deck 3: Birth and the Newborn

Question 1

What percentage of current births in America occur in a hospital?

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) more than 97%
D) all

Answer 1

more than 97%

Question 2

What are nurse-midwives?

A) women who are hired to help take care of infants
B) women who are hired to breast-feed infants
C) health professionals who are trained to manage the normal process of birth
D) untrained women with extensive experience helping women with labor

Answer 2

health professionals who are trained to manage the normal process of birth

Question 3

In America, childbirth is:

A) something that women have witnessed many times before they give birth.
B) a cultural event that includes the wider family and community.
C) considered primarily a medical event.
D) an event that occurs primarily at home.

Answer 3

considered primarily a medical event.

Question 4

Which of these is not a benefit of a doula to a laboring woman?

A) The mother has shorter labors with fewer interventions.
B) The mother has a more affectionate relationship with baby.
C) A doula is able to perform normal birth medical procedures.
D) The mother is more likely to continue breast-feeding.

Question 5

Which mother is a good candidate for using a birth center instead of a hospital for her childbirth?

A) Mellissa would like to have an epidural during her labor.
B) Sarah has developed gestational diabetes.
C) Mary would like to have her 9-year-old daughter present at the birth.
D) Susan would like to make sure NICU was available.

Question 6

One of the first signs that labor is about to begin is the loss of the mucus plug known as:

A) bloody show.
B) effacement.
C) molding.
D) transition.

Question 7

The most uncomfortable part of labor when the contractions are the strongest and the cervix opens completely is known as:

A) dilation.
B) effacement.
C) molding.
D) transition.

Question 8

Mary's contractions are 10 minutes apart and last about 10 seconds, and they are becoming more uncomfortable. She is in which phase of labor?

A) dilation and effacement of the cervix
B) delivery of the baby
C) delivery of the placenta
D) Apgar stage

Question 9

Katie is giving birth to her third child. She can expect the first stage of her labor to last about:

A) 24 hours.
B) 12 hours.
C) 6 hours.
D) 3 hours.

Question 10

Amy was surprised to see that her new son's head looked oddly shaped. She needn't worry; this shape was the result of:

A) skull compression during labor.
B) incomplete brain development.
C) forceps use during birth.
D) lack of normal hair growth patterns.

Question 11

Being squeezed through the birth canal:

A) could permanently damage the fontanels.
B) dangerously inhibit baby's oxygen supply.
C) prepare the baby's lungs for breathing.
D) be difficult emotionally for infants.

Question 12

The Apgar scale is used to assess:

A) a mother's progression through labor.
B) newborn's health and well-being.
C) fetal distress during labor.
D) the presence of sickle cell anemia.

Question 13

Jody's doctor wants her to use a fetal monitor during labor. Which is not a concern associated with fetal monitoring?

A) It may limit her movement during labor.
B) It may draw attention away from her labor.
C) There is a slight increased risk of birth trauma.
D) It may lead to an unnecessary cesarean section.

Question 14

Which mother should consider inducing labor?

A) Amy wants to have her baby on her husband's birthday.
B) Joyce has diabetes and the baby seems large.
C) Connie's doctor is unavailable on her due date.
D) Anne wants to avoid pain medication.

Question 15

Today, if labor and delivery is not progressing quickly enough, the most common type of delivery intervention used is:

A) forceps.
B) vacuum extractor.
C) cesarean section.
D) pitocin.

Question 16

Most recently, cesarean section births have accounted for what percentage of American births?

A) less than 15%
B) about 30%
C) close to 40%
D) more than 50%

Question 17

Which is not a concern associated with cesarean sections?

A) Mothers may have a longer recovery period.
B) Mother and infant may be groggy after birth.
C) Baby may become breech.
D) Doctors may push for unnecessary cesarean for convenience

Question 18

The condition in which the fetus does not receive enough oxygen is known as:

A) preclampsia.
B) breech.
C) anoxia.
D) toxemia.

Question 19

The main characteristic of cerebral palsy is:

A) reduced social skills.
B) reduced cognitive skills.
C) inability to control movement.
D) allergies, asthma, and other respiratory problems.

Question 20

The average baby in the United States weighs about:

A) 6.5 lbs.
B) 7.5 lbs.
C) 8.5 lbs.
D) more than 9 lbs.

Question 21

Katie was born at 34.5 weeks; she is considered to be:

A) preterm.
B) postterm.
C) at term.
D) primiparous.

Question 22

Twins and higher order multiples make up what percentage of live births per year?

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 5%
D) 8%

Question 23

Which is not a particular risk for twins or other multiples?

A) prematurity
B) low birth weight
C) less sensitive parenting
D) small friendship groups

Question 24

Amanda weighed 2.75 lbs at birth, she is considered:

A) low birth weight.
B) very low birth weight.
C) extremely low birth weight.
D) dangerously low birth weight.

Question 25

Which is not a factor in racial differences in rates of preterm and low birth weight?

A) exposure to teratogens
B) poverty
C) stress
D) reproductive technology

Question 26

A mother at risk for preterm labor at 20-24 weeks should:

A) arrange for a cesarean section early so to get the baby medical care as soon as possible.
B) should take every step to delay labor even for a week or two.
C) make arrangements give birth with a midwife.
D) eat high calorie meals to increase baby's weight before birth.

Question 27

Babies in the NICU are kept in small beds called:

A) bassinets.
B) isocribs.
C) isolette.
D) Baby Bjorn.

Question 28

A surfactant is:

A) a medication to delay preterm birth.
B) a soft downy hair that covers the baby at birth.
C) a substance that helps infants' lungs work properly.
D) a medication to counteract anoxia.

Question 29

Infants who are born at very low or extremely low birth weight are not more likely to:

A) be smaller adults (if boys).
B) be smaller adults (if girls).
C) to have cerebral palsy.
D) to suffer from depression.

Question 30

Research indicates that preterm babies in the NICU can benefit from:

A) going home to be cared for by parents and nurses.
B) periods of massage.
C) being bathed in amniotic fluid.
D) beginning a diet of only formula.

Question 31

Kangaroo care involves:

A) having infants lie in cloth pouch in the NICU.
B) having an infant lie in a swaying isolette to mimic mother's movements.
C) having an infant spend time in skin to skin contact with parents.
D) having a bottle attached to the side of isolette to be consistently available to infants.

Question 32

Which of these is not a known benefit of interventions that include tactile stimulation for infants in the NICU?

A) financial savings
B) enhanced growth and development in low birth weight babies
C) encourages breast-feeding
D) is equally beneficial for all premature and low birth weight babies

Question 33

Theories of why children who were born premature have abnormal brain development do not include:

A) less brain tissue in the cerebral cortex.
B) preterm term may interrupt the myelination process.
C) abnormal brain development may have caused the preterm birth.
D) undeveloped lungs persistently deprive the brain of oxygen through childhood.

Question 34

Differences in rates of infant mortality between racial groups in the United States can mainly be attributed to:

A) genetic differences.
B) cultural differences in prenatal customs.
C) access to prenatal care.
D) number of children the mother already has.

Question 35

One quick way to quiet a newborn baby within moments of birth is:

A) to place the baby under warming lights.
B) to give the newborn baby a bath to wash off amniotic fluid.
C) to place in skin to skin contact with mother.
D) to mold misshapen head back into place.

Question 36

During which state are infants most likely to be looking around their environments at objects?

A) quietly alert
B) actively alert
C) crying
D) drowsiness

Question 37

During which state is an infant most likely to imitate an adult's expression?

A) quietly alert
B) actively alert
C) crying
D) drowsiness

Question 38

Most of infants' time is spent in which state?

A) quietly alert
B) actively alert
C) crying
D) sleep

Question 39

Between 6 and 8 weeks of age, fussing is most likely to occur:

A) first thing in the morning.
B) late morning.
C) in early and late afternoon.
D) at midnight.

Question 40

A newborn infant is typically:

A) near-sighted.
B) far-sighted.
C) colorblind.
D) able to see as well as adults.

Question 41

Babies can see best objects that are:

A) 20 to 24 inches away.
B) across the room.
C) 8 to 12 inches away.
D) above them.

Question 42

Newborns prefer to look at images:

A) that are simple.
B) with low contrast.
C) that are one-dimensional.
D) of faces.

Question 43

At birth, infants' auditory systems:

A) are unable to distinguish high-pitched noises.
B) are unable to distinguish soft noises.
C) are unable to distinguish between other's voices.
D) are fully functional.

Question 44

Infants prefer to listen to:

A) men.
B) nonmusical sounds.
C) child-oriented songs.
D) adult-oriented songs.

Question 45

All of infants' sensory capabilities seem to:

A) be underdeveloped at birth.
B) make them overwhelmed by sensory stimuli.
C) draw them into relationships with caregivers.
D) work independently of one another.

Question 46

Which is an example of multimodal perceptions?

A) babies' preferences for looking at their mother
B) babies' preferences for sweet tastes
C) babies' preferences for looking at a pacifier they just sucked on
D) babies' preferences for songs directed at children sung by an adult

Question 47

When put down alone, a newborn infant will:

A) draw up its arms and legs.
B) examine its fingers by holding them close to its face.
C) stretch its arms and legs out beside it.
D) hold up its head.

Question 48

Which reflex is related to feeding and eating?

A) grasp reflex
B) Moro reflex
C) Babinski reflex
D) rooting reflex

Question 49

When the sole of the infant's foot is gently stroked the toes splay outward, then curl back inward. This is known as the:

A) grasp reflex
B) Moro reflex
C) Babinski reflex
D) rooting reflex

Question 50

Pediatricians check newborn infants' reflexes:

A) because lack of reflexes may indicate neurological damage.
B) to show parents how to encourage reflexive behaviors.
C) to make sure motor development is occurring.
D) to predict baby's fine motor development.

Question 51

As babies are exposed to the same stimulation repeatedly, habituation occurs, which means that:

A) babies pay careful attention to familiar stimuli.
B) babies' motor activity increases when exposed to familiar stimuli.
C) babies' attention to familiar stimuli decreases.
D) babies perform repeated behaviors when exposed to familiar stimuli.

Question 52

A rapid recovery of response to a novel stimuli is:

A) habituation.
B) dishabituation.
C) reflexes.
D) activation response.

Question 53

When researchers paired head-stroking with sweet liquids for repeated trials, infants began sucking when their heads were stroked. In classical conditioning terms, head-stroking would be considered a(n):

A) conditioned response.
B) conditioned stimulus.
C) unconditioned response.
D) unconditioned stimulus.

Question 54

In an example of infants' learning, operant conditioning was shown to have occurred when:

A) infants who associating head-stroking with food.
B) infants who control their sucking speed to hear recording of their mothers.
C) infants who imitate adults' facial expressions.
D) infants who recognize their parents.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a limitation of infant learning?

A) limited alert time
B) few voluntary behaviors
C) delays of rewards
D) associations occur after a few exposures

Question 56

Andrew Meltzoff's research indicates that infants have the ability to:

A) recognize faces.
B) learn patterns.
C) imitate expressions.
D) control emotions.

Question 57

Which of the following is not a use of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale?

A) screening infants for certain developmental risks
B) showing parents their newborns' abilities
C) predicting preschool IQ
D) assessing newborn functioning

Question 58

In heterosexual families, the birth of the first child is often associated with:

A) more equitable division of labor than before.
B) less equitable division of labor than before.
C) less equitable division of labor than before in families in which the mother does not work.
D) both parents focusing their attention on baby care.

Question 59

One difference between same-sex parents and heterosexual parents is:

A) same-sex parents are less likely to stay together.
B) heterosexual parents report happier feelings about parenting.
C) same-sex parents divide childcare more evenly.
D) heterosexual parents report more parenting stress.

Question 60

List three things that ease the stress during the transition to parenthood.

Question 61

A mother's postpartum depression can affect an infant's development because of:

A) lack of proper nutrition.
B) hormones in breast milk.
C) lack of interaction.
D) genetic similarities.

Question 62

Tracy is a young first-time mother who is at risk for less sensitive parenting. What intervention at birth may help her understand her infant?

A) foster care
B) observing a NBAS assessment
C) Kangaroo Care
D) physical therapy

Question 63

Mothers' mood after childbirth may be affected by:

A) hormonal changes.
B) sleep loss.
C) disruption of normal routines.
D) All may cause mood shifts

Question 64

Angie had a baby 4 weeks ago. She now experiences bouts of crying and anxiety and often feels hopeless and overwhelmed. She is experiencing:

A) hormonal shifts.
B) parenting stress.
C) postpartum depression.
D) postpartum psychosis.

Question 65

Parents often use "motherese" with their infants, which is:

A) a rocking motion used to sooth babies.
B) a swaddling wrap to sooth babies.
C) the use of nicknames.
D) a simplified language with great intonation.

Question 66

Fernande Lamaze was best known for inventing:

A) breathing techniques for laboring women.
B) pain medication for laboring women.
C) neurological tests for newborn infants.
D) respiratory interventions for newborn infants.

Question 67

Virginia Apgar is best known for inventing:

A) a breathing techniques for laboring women.
B) a pain medication for laboring women.
C) a scale for assessing newborn health.
D) neurological tests for newborn infants.

Question 68

The passageway through which the infant will pass out of the uterus is known as the:

A) uterus.
B) vagina.
C) placenta.
D) birth canal.

Question 69

The process of opening a pregnant woman's cervix during childbirth is known as:

A) effacement.
B) transition.
C) dilation.
D) molding.

Question 70

Abbie's baby is due in 2 weeks. Today she experienced lightening, which means that:

A) she shed her mucus plug.
B) the baby's head is no longer held high.
C) her contractions have begun.
D) the transition stage of her labor has begun.

Question 71

How big is the placenta at birth?

A) 12 to 14 inches around
B) 19 to 22 inches around
C) 4 pounds
D) 6 pounds

Question 72

Most states require that newborn infants be screened for galactosemia, which is:

A) a condition in which the thyroid is overactive.
B) a condition in which blood cells are misshapen.
C) a condition which prohibits processing of a milk sugar.
D) a condition that prevents blood clotting.

Question 73

Which is not a criticism of fetal monitoring procedures?

A) It limits mother's freedom of movement.
B) It increases intensity of contractions.
C) It creates a decrease in attention to the laboring mother.
D) It leads to unnecessary cesarean techniques.

Question 74

What is pitocin?

A) pain medication for laboring women
B) a hormone released by the baby to initiate labor
C) a synthetic hormone that induces contractions
D) fluid surrounding the infant in the uterus

Question 75

One criticism of induced labor is that it:

A) limits mother's freedom of movement.
B) increases intensity of contractions.
C) decrease in attention to the laboring mother.
D) leads to unnecessary cesarean techniques.

Question 76

Which is not a possible reason for increases in cesarean section rates currently in the United States?

A) mothers are requesting cesarean sections more often
B) Increases in the average age of pregnant mothers
C) increases in the average weight of pregnant mothers
D) increases in the average weight of newborn babies

Question 77

The main characteristic of cerebral palsy is:

A) language delays.
B) learning disabilities.
C) inability to control movement.
D) behavior and attention problems.

Question 78

Which is not true of cerebral palsy?

A) it is caused by damage occurring just before, during, or after birth
B) treatments include physical therapy and family support services
C) it is a developmental disorder that gets progressively worse over time
D) it is a rare event

Question 79

How does infant and adult sleep differ?

A) adults sleep more
B) infants spend more time in REM sleep
C) infants spend less time in REM sleep
D) infants have longer spans of sleep

Question 80

Meltzoff's studies with the smooth and nubbly pacifiers indicates that infants:

A) display preferences for texture.
B) show multimodal perception.
C) infants' recognition abilities.
D) show habituation.