Deck 6: Diplomacy: Managing Relations Among States

Question 1

Count Talleyrand represented France at the Concert of Europe after

A) France had won considerable territory from the Germans and Austrians.
B) the defeat of France following the Napoleonic Wars.
C) the First World War.
D) the Thirty Years War.

Answer 1

the defeat of France following the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 2

The delegation at the Vienna conference of 1814-15 attempted to

A) punish aggressors.
B) outlaw war.
C) reestablish a balance of power.
D) establish the groundwork for the future economic integration of Europe.

Answer 2

reestablish a balance of power.

Question 3

All of the following describe diplomacy EXCEPT

A) for the most part, it is non-coercive.
B) it may include use of threats and other forms of coercion.
C) diplomats legally may be arrested by the host country.
D) it involves communications even with enemies or adversaries.

Answer 3

diplomats legally may be arrested by the host country.

Question 4

Economic sanctions are considered

A) highly coercive.
B) moderately coercive.
C) non-coercive.
D) collaborative.

Question 5

Breaking diplomatic relations is considered

A) highly coercive.
B) moderately coercive.
C) non-coercive.
D) collaborative.

Question 6

Promising most-favored-nation (MFN) status is an example of a measure that is

A) highly coercive.
B) moderately coercive.
C) non-coercive.
D) prohibited by international law.

Question 7

Diplomacy may be accomplished by

A) heads of state.
B) accredited diplomats.
C) private citizens.
D) all of the above.

Question 8

The first recorded diplomatic mission was established by the

A) Greeks.
B) Romans.
C) Italians.
D) French.

Question 9

The Byzantines used diplomats to

A) foster rivalry among the barbarians.
B) secure friendship of frontier tribes.
C) convert the ?heathens.?
D) all of the above

Question 10

A truly organized system of diplomatic practices and norms emerged from the

A) Roman legal system.
B) Byzantine Empire.
C) Congress of Vienna.
D) Treaty of Paris.

Question 11

Ranking of diplomatic representatives established in 1815 was

A) ambassadors, papal legates, envoys, ministers.
B) papal legates, ambassadors, envoys, ministers.
C) ministers, papal legates, ambassadors, envoys.
D) ministers, ambassadors, papal legates, envoys.

Question 12

Freedom from arrest or prosecution by local authorities are accorded under agreements of

A) diplomatic privilege.
B) diplomatic immunity.
C) persona non grata.
D) international recognition.

Question 13

The highest ranking position in a diplomatic mission is that of

A) ambassador.
B) consul.
C) consul general.
D) chief of mission.

Question 14

The idea that an embassy and the ground it stands on are a part of the sovereign territory of the foreign country is that of

A) asylum.
B) extraterritoriality.
C) sovereign extension.
D) diplomatic immunity.

Question 15

When the relations between two countries are considered normal, they are each represented at the level of

A) ambassador.
B) consul general.
C) chargé d?affaires.
D) first secretary.

Question 16

Organization of the diverse work of an American embassy often takes the form of

A) a business organization.
B) a country team.
C) university-type administration.
D) hierarchical bureaucracy.

Question 17

The settlement reached by the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel depended on all of the following EXCEPT

A) military threat.
B) President Carter?s personal reputation.
C) economic aid.
D) military aid.

Question 18

Diplomatic incentives, or carrots, may take the form of all of the following EXCEPT

A) foreign aid.
B) trade preferences.
C) increased compensation for diplomats.
D) debt forgiveness.

Question 19

If two states have perceived conflicts of interest and neither backs down, events may produce an immediate

A) stalemate.
B) crisis.
C) diplomatic incident.
D) negotiated settlement.

Question 20

John F. Kennedy and his advisors decided in October 1962 on a naval blockade of Cuba and called it

A) naval exercise.
B) saber rattling.
C) a warning.
D) a quarantine.

Question 21

When a third party assists in getting warring parties to communicate and cease hostilities, they are said to be using their

A) diplomatic skills.
B) good offices.
C) missionary zeal.
D) peacemaking skills.

Question 22

Prussian writer Clausewitz observed that war is

A) hell.
B) the failure of diplomacy.
C) state policy by other means.
D) the absence of peace.

Question 23

An example of diplomatic sidestepping an issue is

A) Cuban Missile Crisis involving the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962.
B) the United States, France, and Great Britain on the issue of air and land access to Berlin during the Cold War.
C) the outcome of the Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815.
D) the Soviet Union?s decision to impose a blockade on West Berlin.

Question 24

Erosion of diplomatic norms is evident in all of the following EXCEPT

A) attacks on diplomatic missions.
B) terrorist attacks on diplomats.
C) a tendency to deal with matters on a government-to-government basis rather than rely on career diplomats.
D) embassy receptions on important holidays.

Question 25

Changing global trends of interdependence and crises of authority have affected diplomacy in all of the following EXCEPT

A) an increase in terrorism directed at ambassadors and diplomatic missions.
B) increasing use of back channels which undercut diplomatic authority.
C) a reduction in the importance of embassies as sources of information.
D) an elimination of embassies and consulates as relics of past practices.

Question 26

International relations literature that emphasizes the role of perception in foreign policy decision-making processes is most closely associated with

A) realists.
B) liberals.
C) economic structuralists.
D) neo-Platonists.

Question 27

According to Irving Janis, the pressure for conformity can lead to

A) bureaucratic politics.
B) groupthink.
C) constructivism.
D) operational codes.

Question 28

Graham Allison?s most famous work on crisis diplomacy focuses on

A) the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
B) the outbreak of World War II in 1939.
C) the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
D) the Middle East crisis of 1973.

Question 29

With the end of the Cold War, which statement best characterizes the role of NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) in terms of ethnic conflict and associated humanitarian relief efforts?

A) NGOs are playing a lesser role due to the international dominance of the United States.
B) NGOs are playing a lesser role due to the expansion of globalization.
C) NGOs are playing a lesser role due to the expanded mission of the United Nations.
D) NGOs are playing an increasingly important role.

Question 30

George Kennan?s Long Telegram (Selected Readings)

A) outlined the nature of the Chinese communist threat and how to deal with it.
B) outlined the nature of the Soviet communist threat and how to deal with it.
C) outlined the nature of the Korean communist threat and how to deal with it.
D) outlined the nature of the Cuban communist threat and how to deal with it.

Question 31

The 1815 Congress of Vienna severely punished France as the aggressor in the Napoleonic wars.

Question 32

Compromise is a form of non-coercive diplomacy.

Question 33

Former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger required Middle East parties always to travel to the United States if they wanted him to act as mediator in their disputes.

Question 34

According to Irving L. Janis, groupthink is the best way for a group to reach a decision.

Question 35

Most scholars see the post-World War I Versailles Treaty as being inferior to the agreements reached at the Congress of Vienna.

Question 36

China recognizes the independence and sovereignty of Taiwan.

Question 37

Usually the consul general is the highest-ranking diplomat representing a country in another country.

Question 38

The CIA has often used American embassies as bases for espionage.

Question 39

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy promised Khrushchev that American missiles in Turkey would be removed.

Question 40

During NAFTA negotiations, Mexico operated under the assumption that implementation of NAFTA would be advantageous.

Question 41

Diplomatic immunity is highly criticized when diplomats seem to take unfair advantage of their inherent privileges. Should exceptions be made or restrictions imposed on diplomatic immunity? Why or why not?

Question 42

Outline the organization of a typical U.S. diplomatic mission, identifying in general the tasks performed by the diverse embassy offices or component units.

Question 43

Under what conditions should a country NOT be recognized? What are the appropriate criteria for such decisions?

Question 44

What is political asylum? Under what conditions should it be accorded? Under what conditions should it be denied?

Question 45

Discuss the changing nature of diplomacy. How do telecommunications advances and the emergence of a diversity of non-governmental organizations affect the conduct of twenty -first century diplomacy?

Question 46

Describe the different ways and means or tools diplomats use to be persuasive, assessing the degree to which each is coercive or non-coercive.

Question 47

Describe and evaluate various types of diplomatic incentives and disincentives, assessing the practicality of the getting-to-yes approach.

Question 48

How can the literature on cognition help one to explain a foreign policy decision?

Question 49

How would a realist respond to the pluralist or liberal argument that perception and cognition should be critical considerations when it comes to explaining a stateʹs foreign policy
decision-making process?

Question 50

In his Long Telegram, George Kennan states ʺI think we may approach calmly and with good heart [the] problem of how to deal with Russia.ʺ Discuss his recommendations and the extent to which Kennanʹs earlier predictions came to be realized over time.