Deck 10: International Terrorism and Transnational Crime

Question 1

Terrorism and transnational crime are examples of

A) the depraved nature of human beings.
B) kinds of problems inherent in societies that are not democratic.
C) worldwide security issues that confront us in an increasingly globalized world.
D) methods used exclusively by Middle Eastern, European, and Asian religious fanatic fringe groups to advance their purposes

Answer 1

worldwide security issues that confront us in an increasingly globalized world.

Question 2

Terrorism is all of the following EXCEPT a

A) weapon of the weak.
B) symbol of the rejection of authority.
C) threat to democratic civil societies.
D) relatively new phenomenon.

Answer 2

relatively new phenomenon.

Question 3

The Zealots are (or were)

A) Peruvian dissidents who resort to terrorist actions.
B) ancient Jewish dissidents who took terrorist actions.
C) Indian dissidents who resort to terrorist actions.
D) Lebanese dissidents who resort to terrorist actions.

Answer 3

ancient Jewish dissidents who took terrorist actions.

Question 4

Terrorism can be a weapon of

A) guerrilla and insurgent groups.
B) drug traffickers.
C) states.
D) all of the above.

Question 5

Victims of early anarchists were generally

A) innocent civilians.
B) religious leaders.
C) government officials.
D) peasants.

Question 6

Mikhail Bakunin was a

A) Yugoslavian nationalist.
B) major security official in Czar Alexander of Russia?s government.
C) Nineteenth century Russian anarchist terrorist.
D) famous assassin of Vladimir Lenin.

Question 7

Comments by Osama bin Laden and Mohammed Atta suggest

A) a glorification of women as the more reliable suicide martyrs.
B) what is understood in the more socially progressive areas of the world as a sexist and degrading view of women.
C) gratitude for the women who founded the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
D) a grudging admiration for U.S. women soldiers.

Question 8

While terrorism has been a basic strategy of groups in Europe, it has been a tactic in the Third World along with

A) paramilitary attacks on government forces.
B) liberation of territory.
C) extensive use of propaganda.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

From the perspective of instrumental rationality, terrorism is

A) an end to some desired means.
B) a means to some desired end.
C) is the same as value rationality.
D) a practice that is morally or legally legitimate, depending on the circumstances that give rise to such actions.

Question 10

Prior to 9/11, one of the most devastating incidents of international terrorism was the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. This act was sponsored by

A) Syria.
B) Lebanon.
C) Libya.
D) Iraq.

Question 11

The first time a nerve gas was used by a terrorist group was in

A) the United States.
B) Israel.
C) Japan.
D) Ukraine.

Question 12

The 9/11 attacks on New York City and Washington, DC were by

A) Al Qaeda.
B) Aum Shinrikyo.
C) Hezbollah.
D) the government of Libya.

Question 13

All of the following are examples of terrorist groups inspired by nationalism EXCEPT

A) Hezbollah (Lebanon).
B) Hamas (West Bank, Israel).
C) ETA (Spain).
D) Red Brigades (Italy).

Question 14

Causes of terrorism are least likely to include

A) profit making through illegal business activity.
B) psychological factors.
C) ideological factors.
D) environmental factors.

Question 15

The thing that most terrorists have in common is that they are

A) psychopaths.
B) sociopaths.
C) never bound by ideology.
D) apparently normal human beings.

Question 16

The primary goal of terrorist organizations is

A) winning regardless of social and financial costs of doing so.
B) taking over a state government.
C) eliminating outside or foreign influence.
D) organizational survival as necessary to achieving certain goals.

Question 17

The Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) is know for

A) The 1995 Tokyo subway attack.
B) The 9/11 attack.
C) pioneering the use of biological weapons in terrorist attacks.
D) pioneering the concept of netwar.

Question 18

Which type of terrorist group is most likely to resort to using weapons of mass destruction, if possible?

A) religious based
B) politically based
C) regionally based
D) ethnically based

Question 19

Osama bin Laden and his cohorts

A) best represent state sponsorship of terrorism.
B) despise the United States for what it represents and does, particularly in the Middle East.
C) under pressure from Muslim clerics recently renounced terrorism.
D) were born into a poor family in Afghanistan.

Question 20

A drug cartel is best described as what type of network?

A) chain
B) all-channel
C) star/hub
D) diffuse

Question 21

Which of the following groups are least likely to abandon violence if their stated underlying grievance is resolved?

A) Palestine Liberation Organization
B) the Irish Republican Army (IRA)
C) Al Qaeda
D) Basque separatists

Question 22

Problems associated with a military attack on terrorist organizations and states that support them include all of the following EXCEPT

A) it is financially too expensive.
B) it is hard to locate terrorist organizations.
C) there is a potential for collateral damage and the possible killing of innocents.
D) it may result in retaliation.

Question 23

That a state can defend itself from attacks as an inherent right of sovereignty is underscored in

A) NATO documents.
B) Article 51 of the U.N. Charter.
C) the Hague Conventions.
D) the Geneva Conventions.

Question 24

Examples of known international criminal organizations do NOT include the

A) Palestine Liberation Organization.
B) Medellín and Cali Cartels.
C) Sicilian Mafia.
D) Yakuza in Japan and Triads in China.

Question 25

Which of the following does NOT help explain the recent spread of transnational crime?

A) the end of the Cold War that has facilitated criminal access to worldwide markets
B) implementation of NAFTA that has facilitated criminal access to North American markets
C) advances in international telecommunications that can be used to facilitate criminal activities around the world
D) a marked decline in moral or religious education in an increasingly secularized world

Question 26

The single most important difference between terrorist and criminal organizations is that

A) they have different goals and therefore different means.
B) criminal organizations usually seek economic gain while terrorist organizations are usually more motivated by political objectives.
C) terrorist organizations use more violent means, resulting in more deaths than criminal organizations .
D) criminal organizations typically have a tighter organizational structure than terrorist organizations.

Question 27

Trafficking in human beings is LEAST likely to include

A) men.
B) women.
C) children.
D) men, women, and children are about equally likely to be sold into slavery.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true about Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs)?

A) They often work with other international criminal organizations.
B) They may work with corrupt governmental officials.
C) They have interstate connections and conduits for both goods and money.
D) They refuse to form strategic alliances with terrorist groups.

Question 29

Privateering refers to cases where

A) transnational terrorists take over commercial ships.
B) criminals take over commercial ships.
C) states encourage criminal attacks on commercial ships of their enemies.
D) the lower ranks of the military board commercial ships.

Question 30

In an attempt to eliminate the supply of drugs from Peru, all of the following actions have been taken by the United States EXCEPT

A) attempts to overthrow military governments in order to reestablish democracy.
B) efforts to eradicate cultivation of drug sources.
C) use of U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration teams.
D) attempts to introduce crop substitutes for drug-related plants.

Question 31

Terrorism is solely a weapon of relatively weak non -state actors.

Question 32

Most of the terrorism directed against the United States has had its roots in Middle East tensions.

Question 33

Although difficult, a single factor can be identified as a root cause of terrorism.

Question 34

Some analysts believe that the potential for terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction is higher now than it was 25 years ago.

Question 35

The 1995 poison-gas attack on Japanese subways was perpetrated by a religious cult.

Question 36

The American bombing of Libya in 1986 immediately resulted in Libya ending its sponsorship of terrorism.

Question 37

Military force is almost always the best weapon to use against international terrorism.

Question 38

Trafficking in women and children is a major international problem.

Question 39

EUROPOL is an international effort to fight transnational crime.

Question 40

A strong central government in Colombia has severely curtailed drug production and smuggling, thus reducing substantially drug exports to the United States.

Question 41

Are the approaches to (the control or elimination of) terrorism related to the causes of such activities (psychological, ideological, environmental)? Give specific examples.

Question 42

Can engaging in terrorism be considered a rational act? If so, why? If not, why not?

Question 43

Are there any situations where terrorism can be considered a justified response? Defend your view against those who might take a different position.

Question 44

How did terrorists of the nineteenth century (such as the anarchists) differ from terrorists of today? How can we explain or account for these differences?

Question 45

Write a scenario in which you are a peasant farmer in the Upper Huallaga Valley in Peru. What would be your assessment of Peruvian and U.S. government actions? Given this assessment, what might you be prone to do or support as a response?

Question 46

ʺThe fight against terrorism and transnational crime must be undertaken multilaterally since no one country acting alone can combat these problems effectively.ʺ Defend or refute this statement.

Question 47

Explain how terrorism and transnational crime threaten democracy and the rule of law in civil society both within states and in the international community.

Question 48

Write an essay in which you examine the causes of terrorism and prescribe remedies or approaches to dealing with this problem.

Question 49

Why is terrorism such a significant threat? What responses can states take to reduce the threat of terrorism? What are the potential problems associated with these responses?

Question 50

What are some of the most important examples of types of transnational crime and organized groups that commit these crimes? How have the United States and other countries tried to combat transnational crime, and with what results? Why is transnational crime so difficult to eradicate?