Deck 25: Pregnancy and Breast Feeding

Question 1

Which of the following antiinfective agents should be used for dental infections during pregnancy for susceptible anaerobic infections not sensitive to penicillin?

A) Amoxicillin
B) Cephalosporins
C) Clindamycin
D) Metronidazole

Answer 1

Clindamycin

Question 2

Which of the following adverse effects is associated with smoking?

A) Neonatal dependence
B) Intrauterine growth retardation, sudden infant death syndrome
C) Abnormal development patterns, neonatal withdrawal syndrome
D) Increased spontaneous abortion, premature labor, abnormal development, decreased school performance

Answer 2

Intrauterine growth retardation, sudden infant death syndrome

Question 3

Metronidazole:

A) should only be used during the second trimester of pregnancy.
B) is expressly contraindicated for the nursing mother.
C) has been shown to produce birth defects in animals.
D) Both a and b are correct.
E) Both b and c are correct.

Answer 3

has been shown to produce birth defects in animals.

Question 4

Which of the following tetracyclines is (are)contraindicated in pregnancy: (1)tetracycline, (2)minocycline, (3)doxycycline?

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 2
C) 2, 3
D) 1, 3
E) 1 only

Question 5

Erythromycin is concentrated in breast milk. A nursing mother should be given erythromycin only if the breast milk is expressed and discarded during treatment and 48 hours after the last dose.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding the dental management of the pregnant dental patient?

A) Avoid elective dental treatment except in the third trimester.
B) Oral prophylaxis is best performed during the second trimester.
C) The patient should be positioned in the Trendelenburg position during the last trimester.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 7

All of the following agents have been demonstrated to produce skeletal abnormalities in the fetus except which one?

A) Doxycycline
B) Erythromycin other than the estolate form
C) Warfarin
D) Aspirin

Question 8

Epinephrine is an FDA category _____ drug.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) X

Question 9

Which of the following is a potential consequence of administering a drug to a pregnant woman?

A) Teratogenicity to the fetus
B) Spontaneous abortion
C) Delayed and long-term physiologic and psychologic consequences
D) Adverse reactions in the near-term fetus
E) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true concerning the effect of opioids such as codeine on an infant after administration to the mother?

A) Opioids appear in breast milk when analgesic doses are administered.
B) If the mother is addicted, the infant will experience withdrawal symptoms after birth.
C) The infant should be observed for signs of euphoria.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 11

The pregnant dental patient is most comfortable during which trimester?

A) First trimester
B) Second trimester
C) Third trimester
D) None of the above

Question 12

Proving that a drug is teratogenic is difficult because:

A) drugs are uniformly teratogenic.
B) the timing of the drug exposure is consistent for each drug.
C) one drug can produce a variety of abnormalities, and different drugs can produce the same abnormality.
D) different animal species and humans are uniformly consistent in their responses to drugs.

Question 13

Which of the following is the NSAID of choice for the nursing mother?

A) Ibuprofen
B) Naproxen
C) Diflunisal
D) Ketoprofen

Question 14

All of the following measures should be taken when prescribing drugs to a pregnant woman, except which one?

A) No unnecessary drugs should be administered.
B) An adequate health history should be taken at each appointment.
C) Schedule morning appointments during the first trimester.
D) Closely coordinate with the patient's obstetrician.

Question 15

Which antiinfective agent is least teratogenic?

A) Clarithromycin
B) Doxycycline
C) Cephalexin
D) Metronidazole

Question 16

Which of the following local anesthetics would be the best choice for dental application in the pregnant patient?

A) Prilocaine
B) Lidocaine
C) Bupivacaine
D) Mepivacaine

Question 17

A drug for which animal studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and in which no adequate studies in pregnant women have been found would fall into which U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy risk category?

A) Category A
B) Category B
C) Category C
D) Category D
E) Category X

Question 18

Which of the following agents can cause premature closure of the patent ductus arteriosus?

A) Acetaminophen
B) Clindamycin
C) Triazolam
D) Ibuprofen

Question 19

Which of the following antiinfective agents is regarded as safe to use during pregnancy?

A) Doxycycline
B) Azithromycin
C) Minocycline
D) Amoxicillin

Question 20

Which of the following opioids has been associated with teratogenicity?

A) Morphine
B) Codeine
C) Lomotil
D) Methadone

Question 21

Use of which of the following agents during pregnancy is associated with producing an abnormal number of digits in the newborn?

A) Alcohol
B) Codeine
C) Erythromycin
D) Ketoconazole

Question 22

Use of which of the following agents during pregnancy is associated with "floppy infant syndrome"?

A) Naproxen
B) Diazepam
C) Nystatin
D) Warfarin

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of the use of nystatin in either a pregnant woman or a nursing infant?

A) Nystatin may be used by either a pregnant woman or a nursing infant.
B) Nystatin may be used by a pregnant woman, but not by a nursing infant.
C) Nystatin may be used by a nursing infant, but not by a pregnant woman.
D) Nystatin is not to be used by either a pregnant woman or a nursing infant.

Question 24

Aspirin is generally considered to be the best analgesic to administer during pregnancy.

Question 25

The wives of dental personnel who are exposed to trace amounts of nitrous oxide in the workplace have a higher incidence of spontaneous abortion.

Question 26

In managing the pregnant patient, avoiding elective dental treatment is best until the third trimester.

Question 27

Although opioids appear in breast milk when analgesic doses are administered, the small amounts appear have an insignificant effect on the nursing infant.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true concerning fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

A) FAS involves growth retardation, central nervous system (CNS)abnormalities, and flat maxillary area or a thin lip.
B) Infants born to mothers who drank throughout pregnancy show more tremors, hypertonia, restlessness, crying, and abnormal reflexes compared with control groups after birth.
C) The safe alcohol threshold for the pregnant woman is 2 ounces of alcohol or 24 ounces of beer a day.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both b and c are true.

Question 29

All NSAIDs carry a warning to avoid use during pregnancy.

Question 30

Benzodiazepines are indicated for the treatment of _____ during pregnancy.

A) anxiety during oral surgery procedures
B) discomfort during scaling and root planing procedures
C) status epilepticus
D) both a and b
E) both b and c